Finished Pharmaceutical Products
The definition of Finished
Pharmaceutical Product can be found in § 4 (1) of the Medicines Law. It reads:
"Finished drugs are drugs that are prepared in advance and sold in
specific packaging to the consumer..." The drugs are mostly in the form of
tablets, capsules, drops, liquids, ointments and suppositories. For
Phytotherapy (healing with plants) numerous drugs are also available in
pharmacies in which drugs or drug preparations are processed. One distinguishes
between the drug preparations: the chopped drug to prepare a tea, the milled drug
(= drug powder) and the dried extract for the manufacture of tablets, capsules
and pills, tincture for the preparation of drops and the fluid extract for
juices, salves and other ointments to name a few. A finished drug with a drug
formulation is called an "herbal medicine" or phytopharmacon (plural:
phytopharmaceuticals).
Finished Pharmaceutical Products,Otc Pharmaceutical Products NOUVASANT GROUP LTD. , https://www.nouvasant.com
Muscovy Duck and Its Feeding Management
Muscovy ducks, also known as red-faced ducks, horned ducks, or musk ducks, are a unique species within the duck family. Native to the tropical regions of South and Central America, they are the only domesticated duck that retains its natural nesting behavior. These ducks have been widely bred in many parts of Europe and Southeast Asia, where they have gained popularity for their distinct characteristics and economic value.
In China, Muscovy ducks have been raised for over 300 years and are mainly found in southern provinces such as Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Zhejiang. In Minnan, they are commonly raised in cities like Fuzhou, Nanning, Ruijin, and Dayu. Known for their high economic value, Muscovy ducks are highly sought after both domestically and internationally, with breeding numbers on the rise. Recent reports show that the supply of Muscovy ducks in southern Anhui is limited, with prices being about 3 yuan higher per 500 grams compared to regular domestic ducks.
Morphologically, Muscovy ducks differ from common ducks. Their bodies are long and wide, with a spindle-shaped form. They have medium-sized heads with red or black skin growths around the eyes and a row of feathers on top. Their necks are medium-length, chests are broad and flat, while their rear ends are less developed. The tail is narrow and long, and their legs are short and strong, allowing them to walk steadily. They can fly short distances, especially females. Their feathers come in black and white, with local varieties in southern Yunnan showing dark green, black and red spots, and iridescent colors. White-feathered ducks have pink skin, bright red tumors, and grayish-orange iridescence.
Muscovy ducks are warm-weather animals, thriving in hot summers but experiencing some decline in winter productivity. This makes them ideal for rearing in southern China. Although they enjoy swimming, they are not strong swimmers and prefer to live on land, earning them the nickname "dry ducks." They are calm, quiet, and often seen standing still with one leg tucked under, resembling a "golden rooster." They live in groups and are suitable for large-scale farming. While they can fly short distances, especially females, males tend to be more aggressive after reaching sexual maturity.
In terms of production and reproduction, Muscovy ducks typically start laying eggs at 170–190 days old, earlier than French breeds. At 18 months, the male-to-female ratio is usually 1:4 to 1:5, and their productive lifespan lasts about 1.5 years. Each year, a female lays 80–120 eggs, each weighing 70–80 grams, with an incubation period of 35 days. Adult males weigh 3–5 kg, while females range from 1.8–2.25 kg. Muscovy ducks grow quickly, with males and females reaching 2 kg by 70 days of age.
Feeding and management are crucial for their development. Ducklings (4–5 weeks old) require careful temperature control, starting at 27–30°C for the first three days, gradually decreasing to 20°C by day 28. Humidity should be maintained at around 70%, with dry litter to prevent disease. Lighting is important—24 hours for the first week, then reduced to 18 hours, and later to 12 hours. Stocking density starts at 25 per square meter, reducing to 8 per square meter as they grow.
During the growing phase (5–24 weeks), proper nutrition directly affects egg production and fertility. Ducks grow rapidly, so managing feed intake is essential to avoid overfeeding. Lighting should be gradually reduced, and weight monitoring is critical to adjust feed amounts. When transitioning to laying houses, ducks should be moved in the evening to reduce stress. Breeding pairs are kept separately, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:6 to 1:8.
Vaccinations are carried out according to a schedule, and feed should be gradually changed during the laying period. Ducks are grouped by size and age, with a density of 5–7 per square meter. Management varies by season: spring requires thorough cleaning and high-protein diets; summer focuses on cooling and hydration; fall may involve artificial molting; and winter emphasizes insulation. With proper care, Muscovy ducks can thrive and provide consistent yields.