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Vegetable seed germination tips
Soaking seeds before planting is an essential step to improve germination rates and promote healthy growth. For cold-resistant vegetables like cabbage, radish, and other cruciferous seeds, soak them in warm water at 30°C for about 3 hours. For tomatoes, pumpkins, and cucumbers, a longer soak of approximately 6 hours is recommended. For melons, gourds, peppers, and eggplants, soaking for around 24 hours helps soften the seed coat and encourages faster germination. After soaking, gently remove the seeds and allow them to air dry slightly before proceeding.
When it comes to temperature during germination, different plants have different requirements. Cold-tolerant crops such as cabbage should be kept at around 20°C, while melons and solanaceous plants (like peppers and eggplants) prefer temperatures between 25°C and 30°C. It's important to start with a slightly lower temperature to prevent excessive nutrient consumption. Once the seeds begin to sprout, gradually increase the temperature to match their ideal growing conditions. After the sprouts appear, lower the temperature again to avoid leggy or weak growth.
During the germination process, it’s crucial to turn the seeds every 5 hours to ensure even moisture distribution and prevent mold. Additionally, you can lightly rinse the seeds with warm water 2 to 3 times daily to maintain humidity and keep the environment favorable for sprouting.
The time required for pre-germination varies by plant type. Under optimal temperature and humidity conditions, cucumbers and squashes can sprout within just 2 days. Brassica oleracea, including cabbage, usually takes about 1.5 days. Melons, gourds, bitter gourds, and similar plants may take up to 5 days to show visible sprouts. Eggplants and peppers, on the other hand, typically require 6 days for full germination.
The length of the sprout also differs depending on the vegetable. For cruciferous seeds, the radicle (the first root) will break through the seed coat but won’t extend beyond its length. In eggplants, peppers, and tomatoes, the radicle remains inside the seed coat. For melon seeds, the radicle can grow up to 1-2 cm long. When sowing, ensure that the sprouts are uniform in size so that the resulting seedlings are neat and consistent. This helps in better growth and easier transplanting later on.