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How to prevent and treat pear deficiency?
Pear cultivation in the northern regions is generally widespread, though it often appears sporadically within orchards. The primary damage caused by this condition is the development of fruit shrinkage symptoms, commonly referred to as "pear disease." While these symptoms are most noticeable on the fruit, they are less apparent on other parts of the plant. Different pear varieties exhibit varying levels of tolerance to boron deficiency, and the resulting fruit shrinkage can vary significantly. Even within the same variety, the severity of symptoms depends on the extent of the deficiency.
In the case of Yali pears, severe cases of boron deficiency become evident during the fruiting stage. Multiple pitting lesions form on the fruit, which can severely impact its development. The tissue beneath the affected areas becomes cork-like and eventually leads to a condition known as "Hericium erinaceus fruit," due to its unusual texture. In milder or moderate cases, the fruit continues to grow normally, but deep green spots may appear during the later stages of growth. These depressions gradually increase in size, causing the fruit's surface to become uneven.
In some sand pear and Qiuzi pear varieties, the pitted spots turn brown, and the surrounding tissue also becomes brown, corky, and sometimes develops cracks. This further reduces the quality and marketability of the fruit.
To manage this issue, several control methods can be employed. First, proper fertilizer and water management is essential. Organic fertilizers should be prioritized, and irrigation should be carefully managed, especially in dry years. Orchards that are low-lying or prone to waterlogging should be monitored to maintain optimal soil moisture levels. Boron assimilation should also be ensured to support the tree’s ability to absorb nutrients and promote healthy fruit development.
Another effective approach is foliar application of boron. For individual trees or orchards showing signs of boron deficiency, spraying a 300-times diluted boric acid solution every 7 to 10 days starting from the young fruit stage can yield good results. Typically, 2 to 3 applications are sufficient. Additionally, boron can be applied directly to the roots during spring fertilization, with 100 to 150 grams of boric acid per tree, depending on the tree size and the severity of the deficiency.
By implementing these strategies, growers can effectively reduce the occurrence of boron deficiency and improve the overall health and quality of their pear crops.