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How to prevent pepper powdery mildew
Pepper powdery mildew primarily affects the leaves, damaging both mature and young foliage. Infected areas appear as irregular yellow-green patches without clear boundaries. The white powdery mildew is not always obvious at first, but the spores (conidia and meristems) often accumulate on the underside of the leaves, sometimes falling off early. This makes early detection challenging, and once the disease becomes visible, it's more difficult to manage. The reason for this lies in the nature of the pathogen, which is *Fusarium sclerotiorum*. During the vegetative growth stage, the hyphae remain hidden within the leaf tissue, and only when spores are produced do they become visible on the surface. As a result, the disease is often overlooked in its early stages.
Therefore, early prevention is crucial in managing pepper powdery mildew. It’s recommended to apply fungicides regularly, especially just before the disease typically appears each season. Waiting until symptoms show can make control much harder. Some may worry about overusing chemicals, but this approach is actually cost-effective. By using affordable protective agents early, you avoid the need for expensive treatments later. Most preventive fungicides are relatively inexpensive, while systemic treatments tend to be pricier and less effective once the disease has taken hold.
If infected leaves are found in the field, it’s essential to use a systemic fungicide and repeat applications as needed. Even after controlling the disease, some yellowing may still occur, but new healthy leaves should continue to grow. Don’t be discouraged—this is a sign that the treatment is working. However, if old diseased leaves or branches aren't removed promptly, the pathogen may persist and reappear later.
There are several fungicides available for controlling powdery mildew. Protective agents include 50% sulfur suspension diluted 500 times, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 500 times, and 70% mancozeb wettable powder at 400 times. Systemic options include 50% carbendazim WP at 500 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1000 times, 15% triadimefon EC at 1000 times, 40% Fuxing at 8000–10000 times, 10% World High Water Dispersible Granules at 2000–3000 times, and 25% myclobutanil EC at 500–600 times. Mixtures like 40% polysulfide suspension at 400–500 times are also effective. Agricultural antibiotics such as 2% Wuyimycin agent at 150 times can be used as well. Specialized products like 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent at 250g/mu and 5% chlorothalonil dust agent at 1kg/mu are also available.
With so many options, choosing the right one depends on the situation. Before the disease appears, protective fungicides and smoke agents are ideal. Once symptoms develop, systemic fungicides should be used. It's important to monitor resistance, especially in areas where carbendazim and thiophanate methyl are no longer effective. In such cases, alternatives like triadimefon or Fuxing may work better. Wuycin can be considered near harvest time.
In recent years, a combination of 10% World High Water Dispersible Granules at 3000 times and 75% chlorothalonil WP at 500 times has shown excellent results in controlling pepper powdery mildew. This mixture is now widely used and worth trying for effective management.