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Lingnan Yellow Chicken Breeding Management Technology
To ensure the successful rearing of Lingnan yellow chickens, it's essential to focus on several key aspects that directly impact their health, growth, and overall productivity. First and foremost, the quality of the chicks is critical. Currently, only the Poultry Research Institute under the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences officially supplies genuine Lingnan yellow chickens. However, many counterfeit versions are available in the market, often sold at low prices but with poor quality. When purchasing chicks, it's important to select those that meet specific criteria such as growth rate, feather development, coat color, body shape, and accurate sex identification. Additionally, ensuring that they have been properly vaccinated against Marek’s disease is crucial for their long-term health.
Transportation of day-old chicks is another vital factor. Healthy chicks should be moved to the brooding house within 6–12 hours after hatching, with long-distance transport not exceeding 48 hours. Chicks that remain in transit longer than this period are more likely to suffer from hunger, dehydration, and weakened immunity, leading to higher mortality rates. In summer, it's best to transport them in the evening to avoid heat stress, while winter transport requires proper insulation to maintain a stable temperature.
Experienced breeders play a significant role in improving the survival rate of broodstock. Those with strong technical skills, extensive experience, and a sense of responsibility can significantly enhance chick performance. Preparations before brooding should include thorough cleaning and disinfection of the shed and all equipment. The area can be fumigated using 30 ml of formalin and 15 g of potassium permanganate per square meter, left to fumigate for 24 hours. Equipment should be soaked in a disinfectant solution, then dried in the sun. Litter used for brooding should be clean, soft, dry, and hygroscopic, typically made of fine wood shavings or sawdust, with a thickness of about 8–10 cm. It’s also important to have antibiotics and disinfectants ready for use.
Water and feed management is equally important. After transportation, chicks should be given a short rest before being offered water. Adding 1% glucose or vitamin B to the water can help replenish their energy. The water temperature should ideally be between 18–24°C, and if it's cold, the water should be warmed up. A drinker should be provided for every 80–100 chicks during the first two days, with additional drinkers added as the chicks grow. Feeding should begin about two hours after drinking, using high-quality compound feed. Initially, the feed should be spread evenly on paper or feed trays, and later transitioned to feed buckets. Free-choice feeding is recommended to reduce labor.
Maintaining the right temperature and humidity in the chicken house is essential for broiler growth. For commercial broilers, the ideal temperature is around 20°C. Temperatures below this increase energy expenditure, leading to higher feed consumption and lower feed efficiency. Conversely, temperatures above 20°C can reduce feed intake and slow weight gain. On the first day of brooding, the temperature should be maintained at 33–35°C and gradually reduced by 0.5°C daily until reaching 20°C. Monitoring the flock’s behavior is key—healthy chicks will be active, have good appetite, and sleep quietly without squeaking.
Feeding density also plays a major role in the uniformity and growth of the flock. Overcrowding can lead to poor ventilation, uneven feeding, and slower growth, while understocking may result in wasted space. For Lingnan yellow chickens, it's recommended to keep 30 birds per square meter during the first 14 days, 15 per square meter from day 15–28, and 10 per square meter from day 29–49. Each group should have enough space for feeding and drinking, typically around 8 square meters per group.
Lingnan yellow chickens are generally calm and do not fight, making them easy to manage. Beak trimming is usually done at 20–25 days of age, cutting only one-third of the beak. To reduce stress, vitamins or vitamin K can be added to the water a day or two before the procedure.
Finally, strict biosecurity measures must be implemented to prevent disease outbreaks. A “all-in, all-out†system is recommended, along with regular monitoring of the flock’s health, feed and water quality, and fecal condition. Any abnormalities should be addressed immediately, and sick birds should be isolated or culled. Keeping detailed records of the flock’s progress, including vaccination schedules, medication use, and disease incidence, is essential for effective management. Vaccination schedules should follow a structured plan, such as administering the Marek’s vaccine via subcutaneous injection on day 1.