How to determine the appropriate fertilization location
Fertilization should take place in a location where the soil is close to the crop without causing damage, and where moisture levels are appropriate. If fertilizer is placed too near the seeds or young plants, it can burn or harm them, while placing it too far away may prevent the roots from absorbing the nutrients effectively. The ideal condition for applying fertilizer is when the soil has suitable moisture, as most fertilizers need to dissolve in water before the crops can absorb them.
For field crops like wheat and corn, common fertilization methods include broadcasting, banding in furrows, injection, and layered application. For fruit trees, which have deep and widespread root systems, fertilizers are typically applied in circular patterns around the tree or in holes dug into the soil. According to a survey on fertilization practices in China, about 69% of farmers use surface spreading, less than 30% apply fertilizer directly in the furrow, and very few use foliar feeding. Scientific studies and practical farming experience show that surface application often leads to 10-30% waste due to runoff or evaporation, and crops may suffer from nutrient deficiency as a result.
For soybeans and other grain crops, the best placement is 5 to 6 cm away from the seed in both horizontal and vertical directions. During sowing, a layered application method can be used, with fertilizer placed 5 to 10 cm below the seed. The timing and location for top-dressing depend on the type of crop and its growth stage. As the plant matures, the fertilizer should be placed further away from the base. In sandy soils, fertilizers should be applied deeper, while in clay soils, they should be placed more shallowly. Generally, it's recommended to apply fertilizer 5 to 10 cm away from the plant’s base and 6 cm below the soil surface to ensure optimal absorption.
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