High-yielding Cultivation Technique of Winter Scallion
First, species selection: Choose species that are suitable for local planting, such as the Indus variety, Qifengfeng, and the "29 series." These varieties are known for their adaptability and high yield in the region.
Second, nursery preparation:
1. Intensive cultivation and rational fertilization: Select flat, fertile land with good irrigation and drainage. Use a thick layer of soil for seedling cultivation. Apply 2,500 kilograms of fermented organic manure per mu. Plow the field to a depth of 25 centimeters, level the soil, and create ridges with a width of 1-1.2 meters for optimal growth.
2. Seed treatment: The ideal sowing time for winter storage onions is between September 25 and October 5. Before sowing, mix 5 kg of DAP and 5 kg of urea as seed fertilizer. Soak the seeds in warm water (35-40°C) for 8-10 hours, then air dry for 5-6 hours before sowing.
3. Sowing: Water the soil before sowing, ensuring even moisture. After the water is absorbed, cover the seeds with 1 cm of soil. Use 2-2.5 kg of seeds per mu. On sunny days, when cracks appear on the surface, avoid overwatering. Do not water until the cotyledons emerge to prevent root rot and stunted growth.
4. Seedling management: From sowing until the end of December, water the seedlings 2-3 times. At the end of November, apply antifreeze water. In early December, spread a thin layer of horse manure or compost mixed with ash, just enough to expose the leaf tips, ensuring the seedlings survive the winter. Healthy seedlings should have an average height of about 10 cm, two true leaves and one folded leaf, a bulb base diameter no more than 0.3 cm, and no signs of excessive growth.
In late spring, around the end of February, remove the winter mulch and mix it back into the soil. Alternatively, spread 2,000 kg of fine broken manure and miscellaneous fertilizer in the early morning, then lightly till the soil to improve insulation and promote early growth. In early March, remove weeds. By mid-March, perform a light watering at night to encourage rapid growth.
By early April, the first set of seedlings reaches 15 cm in height. By mid-April, the second set grows to 20 cm, with a spacing of 4-7 cm between plants, resulting in 120,000 plants per mu. Each time, combine watering with gentle tilling to maintain soil aeration.
May is a crucial period for onion seedling development, especially for strengthening the plants and preparing them for transplanting. Apply 20 kg of urea per mu, followed by 2-3 waterings, while monitoring for pests and diseases. In June, focus on controlling any weak or diseased seedlings.
Strong seedlings should be approximately 50 cm tall, with a false stem length of 25 cm, a thickness of about 1 cm, and a fresh weight of around 40 grams per plant. They should have 5 true leaves and display the typical characteristics of the selected variety.
Third, planting:
1. Site preparation: Choose well-drained land with a deep cultivation layer. Avoid planting onions, garlic, or leeks in the same plot for three consecutive years. Dig ditches 80 cm apart from north to south, with a depth and width of 30-35 cm. Line the bottom of the ditch with organic fertilizer—20 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Fill the ditch with 15 cm of soil and 25 cm of depth. Compact the ridges to make them easy to walk on during transplanting.
2. Planting: The best time for transplanting is mid-June, but it should be completed within the following weeks. Before transplanting, water the seedlings lightly and carefully lift them to avoid damaging the fibrous roots. Remove any diseased or pest-infested seedlings and select only healthy ones with distinct variety traits. Sort and grade the seedlings before planting.
Typically, 18,000 plants per acre are planted, spaced 80 cm apart in single ridges with a 5 cm gap between each plant. This provides 0.04 square meters of space per plant. One acre of green onions can support 4-6 acres of field.
After digging the ditches and loosening the soil at the bottom, use a two-tooth hook or small rake to ensure proper drainage. Once the water is absorbed, insert green onion seedlings measuring 40 cm in length, 1.5 cm in diameter, and with a split end into the soil. When planting, create a hole for each seedling, leaving the onion eyes exposed to improve root ventilation and light exposure.
Planting depth: Ensure that the sprouts and leaves extend more than 8 cm above the ditch surface for optimal growth.
Fourth, field management: After transplanting, water the plants appropriately. If water accumulates in the ditch, drain it promptly. After the seedlings settle, perform light tilling and weeding to improve soil aeration.
In August, the light blue growth begins to elongate. Apply 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate to the ridge backs, followed by 15 kg of urea. Water the mixture into the ditch to control ground worms and enhance nutrient absorption.
In late August, apply top-dressing with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Use 15 kg of urea and 20 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, or alternative organic options like cake fertilizer, plant ash, or ammonium bicarbonate. After applying the fertilizer, water twice. When the soil is dry and moist, use a cultivator to loosen the soil, first around the onion plants, then break up the ridges and flatten the ditches.
In early September, the light blue growth becomes vigorous. Continue to apply nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and perform earth covering. Avoid burying the leaves. Immediately water the ditches twice after the ridge back is prepared.
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