High-yielding Cultivation Technique of Winter Scallion
First, species selection: To ensure successful cultivation, it's essential to choose onion varieties that are well-suited for local conditions. Recommended varieties include Indus, Qifengfeng, and the "29 series," which have proven to be resilient and high-yielding in similar climates.
Second, nursery preparation:
1. Intensive cultivation and rational fertilization: Select flat, fertile land with good irrigation and drainage. The soil should have a deep layer suitable for seedling growth. Apply 2,500 kilograms of fermented organic manure per mu, followed by shallow plowing to a depth of 25 centimeters. Level the field thoroughly, and create ridges that are 1 to 1.2 meters wide to ensure proper drainage and root development.
2. Seed treatment: Winter storage onions should be sown between September 25 and October 5. Before planting, mix 5 kg of DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) and 5 kg of urea as seed fertilizer. Soak the seeds in warm water (35-40°C) for 8-10 hours, then air dry them for 5-6 hours to improve germination rates.
3. Sowing: Water the soil before sowing to ensure even moisture. After the water has been absorbed, evenly spread the seeds and cover them with 1 cm of soil. Use 2-2.5 kg of seeds per mu. On sunny days, cracks may appear on the surface, so avoid overwatering until the seedlings emerge. Keep the soil moist but not saturated during early growth stages.
4. Seedling management: From sowing until the end of December, water the seedlings 2-3 times. At the end of November, apply antifreeze water to protect young plants from frost. In early December, lightly apply a thin layer of horse manure or compost mixed with ash to just cover the leaf tips, helping the seedlings survive the winter. Healthy seedlings should be about 10 cm tall, have two true leaves and one folded leaf, a bulb base diameter less than 0.3 cm, and no signs of excessive growth.
In late spring, around the end of February, remove the winter mulch and refill with fresh soil. Alternatively, apply 2,000 kg of broken compost and miscellaneous fertilizer in the early morning, then till the soil to improve insulation and promote early growth. In early March, remove weeds. By mid-to-late March, water the fields in the evening and submerge them after watering to encourage uniform growth.
In early April, the first seedlings should reach a height of 15 cm. By mid-April, the second set of seedlings will grow to 20 cm, with a spacing of 4-7 cm between plants, resulting in 120,000 plants per mu. Water and cultivate the seedlings regularly after each transplant.
May is a critical period for onion seedling development, especially for strengthening the plants and preparing them for the next stage. Apply 20 kg of urea per mu, followed by 2-3 waterings. Monitor for pests and diseases and take necessary control measures. By June, focus on managing the seedlings to ensure healthy growth.
Strong seedling standards include a height of 50 cm, a false stem length of 25 cm, a thickness of about 1 cm, and a fresh weight of approximately 40 grams per plant. They should have 5 true leaves and exhibit the typical characteristics of the selected variety.
Third, planting:
1. Site preparation: Choose a plot with good irrigation and drainage, and avoid planting onions, garlic, or leeks in the same area for three consecutive years. Dig ditches 80 cm apart, with a depth and width of 30-35 cm. Line the bottom of the ditch with organic fertilizer, adding 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Fill the ditch with 15 cm of soil and 25 cm of depth. Compact the ridge backs for easy access during transplanting.
2. Planting: The best time to transplant is mid-June, and all planting should be completed within this period. Before transplanting, water the seedlings lightly and carefully lift them to avoid damaging the fibrous roots. Remove any diseased or pest-infested seedlings, select only healthy ones with clear variety traits, and plant them at appropriate spacing.
Typically, 18,000 plants per acre are planted, with 80 cm between ridges and 5 cm between individual plants. Each plant requires 0.04 square meters of space. One acre can support 4-6 acres of green onions.
After digging the ditches and loosening the soil at the bottom, use a two-tooth hook or small rake to break up the earth and allow water to drain. Once the soil is moist, insert 40 cm long, 1.5 cm thick green onion seedlings into the holes, ensuring the split ends face downward. When planting, make sure each hole is properly filled to allow for good root ventilation and light penetration.
Planting depth should be such that the onion sprouts and leaves remain more than 8 cm above the ditch surface to prevent rotting and ensure strong growth.
Fourth, field management: After transplanting, water the onions appropriately after half a month. Ensure proper drainage to avoid waterlogging. Once the seedlings are established, perform regular weeding and soil cultivation to improve aeration and root development.
In August, the leaves begin to elongate. Apply 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate on the ridge back, followed by 15 kg of urea. Water the field to help the nutrients penetrate the soil. This promotes healthy growth and prevents nutrient loss.
By late August, the tubular leaves continue to grow. Apply top-dressing with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, using 15 kg of urea and 20 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, or other organic options like cake fertilizer, plant ash, or ammonium bicarbonate. After applying the fertilizer, water the field twice. When the soil is dry and wet enough, use a cultivator to loosen the soil, first around the onion plants, then break up the ridge and level the ditch.
In early September, the leaves begin to thrive again. Apply additional nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, then gently mound the soil without burying the leaves. Immediately water the ditches twice to maintain moisture and support continued growth.
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