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1ã€Preparation of pears before grafting
1.1 Make sure to pick up new varieties. From the current situation of pear cultivation in China and the market prospects, the late-ripe pears are relatively surplus, and the early-ripe pears are seriously insufficient. At present, in addition to July crisp, early US crisp and other fine varieties, Zhongli No. 1 is another new type of early-maturing pear introduced by our institute this year; the late-maturing pear new variety Hongxiangpao is mainly promoted as a result of red skin and high quality. broad.
1.2 Scion and storage. When pruning in winter, choose a pure, high-quality, high-yield, pest-free mother tree, cut off the full growth of the circumference of the crown, and full-year branches of the buds for scioning. Each 50 or 100 bundles are bundled into 1 bundle to make a variety mark. Stand upright in cold caves, deep wells or cold storage and bury it in wet sand. The wet sand is hand-kneaded into groups, and one touch is appropriate. Before the high pick, cut the scion 1 cm from the base and soak it in the deep 3-4 cm of clean water for 1 night.
2. Methods and Optimum Times for Planting High-risk Pear Trees
2.1 Principles for the retention of high sprigs of pears. For the original tree structure and size, determine the retention site, direction and degree of severity. In the case of evacuation and layering before high contact, 5-6 major branches are selected, leaving about 2/3 of the original length as the backbone branches, leaving 2-3 lateral branches per stem, and the length of the branches is longer than the lateral branches; the central branches should not be excessive. Long, leave 20 centimeters; bone slicing diameter below 6 cm is appropriate. Those with a spindle shape before the high contact were selected and 10-15 small main branches were selected for retention in the center.
2.2 Grafting methods and times. High grafting is mainly subcutaneous. 1 On the basis of not violating the principle of sticking to the backbone, the branches should be smooth and easy to be grafted, the branches should be removed, and the rough saw cut should be flattened. 2 Cut the scion into short sections with 2-4 full shoots. Use a cutting knife to cut the lower part to a large incline, usually 3-5 cm. Ask for length, flatness and thinness; cut the apex at the back of the large incline 0.60 cm. Small bevel. 3 Cut a vertical mouth with a slicing knife at the slashing mouth, deep to the xylem, half the length of the large scion of the scion, open the bark, turn the large slope toward the xylem, slowly insert the scion, and be careful not to insert the large slope fully. Leave about 0.50 cm. Usually a branch of 2 scion, left and right rows, insert a smaller, thicker plug 3-4. With a cut plastic film box, stick a small hole depending on the number and orientation of the crests, place it on the cut edge, tie the bag tightly with the film strip, and then use the plastic bag to put all the scion and the connector tightly and tighten the bag mouth.
For bare parts of branches, subcutaneous abdominal grafts can be used to fill in the air, cutting the old bark, cutting off the old bark, and opening a “T†shaped incision. The direction of the vertical mouth is at a 45 degree angle with the branches and is not cut through. The horizontal mouth is deep to the xylem, and then a semi-circular bevel is dug on the horizontal opening, the vertical incision is opened, the scion is inserted, and the plastic film wraps tightly.
Pear tree heights are available from the end of March to the beginning of June, with the best flowering period.
3, management of pears after the high exchange of head
3.1 Unfastening the bags to loosen the sprouts. To be grafted and sprouted, remove the plastic bag in time, loosen it, and remove all but the tree's buds. Simultaneously, the pillars are tied to high grafts to prevent windbreaks and mechanical crashes.
3.2 Supplementary. After half a month of grafting, the joints that did not survive were sawn off in time, and they were patched by the subcutaneous method. In other parts, 1-2 buds were preserved, and they were patched by buds in July-August.
3.3 Shaping. Within 2 years after the high contact, the summer should be based on the requirements of the canopy, cutting tips, picking the heart, etc., in order to quickly recover, light in winter when the main pruning, 1 connector has 2 high grafters, leaving a branch for extension, normal Short cut, to be cultivated, another strong to stay weak, to be controlled, the remaining branches long, to promote flower bud differentiation, in order to facilitate early results, the third year into normal pruning.
Lishu old orchard transformation technology
At present, China's pear cultivars are single, and only two varieties of Dangshan Pear and Yali pear account for more than 80% of the total area of ​​pear trees. There is an urgent need for upgrading, and the selection of new and better varieties for high-yielding varieties is to improve the quality of old orchards. Effective way to benefit.