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First, the symptoms of eggplant bacterial wilt and more in the flowering period, the incidence of disease in the early stages of disease, only one or a few leaves on individual branches become pale, showing partial wilting, some wilting of the entire leaf, and some half wilting, the other half normal. The chlorosis of the diseased leaves did not turn yellow, and finally the leaves of the whole plant gradually became brown and dead, and the diseased leaves fell off or remained on the branches. Cut open the base of the diseased stem xylem brown, fragile or hollow pith branch, humidity, or after moisturizing, cross-cutting the stem section cut by hand, there is cloudy pus overflow. As soon as the diseased plants emerged, the disease spread very quickly, especially when the weather turned fine after heavy rain or thunderstorms.
Second, the law of occurrence and transmission of pathogenic bacteria caused by the disease. The pathogens mainly survive in the soil left over from the diseased plant residues in the soil, survive for 200 days in the host, can survive in the vegetable field soil for 2 years or even longer, and are intolerant of dryness. It penetrates from the wound of the base of the root or stem, and is transmitted through rainwater, irrigation water, agricultural implements, livestock, and the like. At the time of the initial onset, most of them occurred sporadically and spread out later. High temperature and high humidity conditions favor the occurrence of bacterial wilt. After the rain becomes fine, severe temperature rises can cause severe disease. Solanaceous fruit crops, acidic soils, high groundwater levels, poor drainage, etc. are also serious.
The development of bacterial wilt pathogens was 30～37°C, the highest temperature was 41°C, the lowest was 10°C, and the soil temperature peaked at 25°C.
Third, prevention and control measures
1. Rotate with onion, garlic or cruciferous crops.
2. Use varieties resistant to bacterial wilt and use grafting to grow seedlings.
3, seed disinfection. The seeds were placed in 5 to 6 times the volume of 55 °C warm water, stirring for 10 to 15 minutes, or seed disinfection with 1 million units of 500 times streptomycin sulfate soaked for 2 hours. Take out the seeds and rinse them with clean water, dry them for sowing or germination.
4, to cultivate disease-free strong seedlings, improve plant disease resistance. With seedling-free seedlings, the former had not been planted in the land plots of the Solanaceae crop, and the seedbed was sprayed with 50% carbendazim 1000 times before sowing. It is best to use nutritious cups or nutritional bags for seedlings to reduce the risk of colonization. The day before transplanting, the seedlings should be sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times to reduce the spread of disease to Daejeon.
5, planting garden soil to deepen the sun, in the past, the incidence of heavy plots, ammonium bicarbonate can be used for soil disinfection, the specific method: After the first wet dishes, with 667 square meters with 50kg of ammonium bicarbonate evenly sprinkled on the soil surface, Then covered with a thin film, 5 to 7 days after the film was lifted, site preparation. In combination with site preparation, 50 to 100kg of lime per 667m2 is used for soil improvement and disinfection.
6, to strengthen field management, irrigation, ground water to prevent flooding. Apply base fertilizer adequately, apply organic fertilizer to fully decompose, and balance topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. After the first fruit-picking, apply 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other foliar fertilizer. And timely cultivating, soil cultivation, and promote root growth.
7. If the diseased plant is found, it should be removed in time. The diseased point should be filled with 2% formaldehyde, or 20% lime water. 72% of streptomycin soluble powder 500 times, 47% of Garnett WP 1000 times, 77% of WP 500 times, every 7-10 days, 3 or 4 times in succession . The diseased plants should be brought out of the vegetable field and buried deep or burned. Limes in the soil around the diseased plants to prevent the disease from spreading.
Prevention and treatment of eggplant bacterial wilt
Eggplant bacterial wilt, also known as bacterial wilt disease, is one of the major diseases occurring in the process of eggplant cultivation in the south. It occurs less in the north, but it has recently been discovered that some eggplant planting sites occur in Beijing.