1 Selenium - a healthy element

Selenium is a rare and dispersed semi-metallic chemical element between the metal and the non-metal. After years of research by scientists, human health is closely related to selenium. Its physiological functions mainly include improving human immunity, scavenging free radicals, protecting the heart and liver, and preventing toxic substances in the body. More than 40 diseases such as Keshan disease, liver disease and diabetes are closely related to selenium deficiency. Therefore, in 1973, the World Health Organization announced that selenium is an essential trace element in human body.

There is very little selenium in the natural crust, and the data released by the WHO show that more than 40 countries around the world are low-selenium or selenium-deficient. In China, 72% of counties (cities) have low selenium or selenium deficiency, while Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and other places are seriously deficient in selenium. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the promotion of the importance of selenium and to develop selenium-enriched foods in a targeted manner.

2 Types of selenium source

The types of selenium are mainly inorganic selenium and organic selenium. Inorganic selenium compounds such as sodium selenite, sodium selenate, selenium sulfide, selenium disulfide, etc. are not easily absorbed by the human body, and have toxic and side effects, so they are not recommended as a source of selenium; organic selenium compounds mainly include selenoprotein, selenium-enriched yeast, and selenium. Carrageenan and so on. Among them, selenium-enriched yeast is the most safe and the most efficient.

The selenium-enriched yeast is obtained by fermenting a biological yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a medium containing selenium (such as sodium selenite), sterilizing and then purifying by spray drying, wherein the selenium element is organic The state (L-selen methionine) exists, is safe to eat, has high bioavailability, and can effectively improve blood selenium levels in animals or humans, and is an ideal selenium source supplement. At present, the selenium content of selenium-enriched yeast in China is 1000μg/g, and the selenium content in selenium-enriched yeast imported from Canada can reach 2000μg/g.

3 selenium-rich food

At present, commercial selenium-enriched foods can be mainly divided into selenium-enriched health foods and selenium fortified foods. Se-enriched health foods are difficult to achieve a small amount of long-term intake due to reasons such as price and sales, and the market prospects are not clear enough. Selenium fortified foods are mainly used in rice, tea, corn, konjac, eggs, vegetables and other foods, but due to its price factors, the popular consumption of health food raw materials is difficult to promote, and the selenium content is difficult to achieve standardization.

Milk is one of the most digestible foods in the human body and is a regular food for many consumers. In the past two years, Chinese dairy products have developed rapidly and are booming Chaoyang enterprises, which maintain a growth rate of about 20% every year. The consumption of per capita dairy products in China has grown from 7kg/year in 1998 to 14kg/ in 2004. In the year, many people began to develop the habit of regularly quantifying the consumption of milk. Therefore, selenium fortification of milk is a shortcut to selenium supplement, which is beneficial to the human body and is more suitable for consumers.

4 Development method of selenium-rich milk

There are two main ideas for the development of selenium-enriched milk: animal transformation and direct addition.

4.1 Animal Transformation Method

It refers to feeding cows with higher selenium content, which is converted into organic selenium after being digested and absorbed by cows, and then secreted into milk. This method has advantages and disadvantages. The advantage lies in the fact that its source is green and natural, and its drawbacks are that the operation process is more complicated, the influencing factors are more, the product is difficult to achieve standardization, and it is not conducive to widespread promotion in urban dairy enterprises.

4.2 Direct addition method

It is an excellent selenium source such as selenium-enriched yeast, which is directly added to the production of dairy products in accordance with relevant national regulations. The advantage is that the process is simple, the operation is convenient, the cost is low, and the standardization of industrial production can be realized, which is more conducive to the actual operation of the dairy enterprise.

4.3 Limit on the amount of addition

The selenium intake of Chinese residents is shown in Table 1.

National selenium-enriched yeast intake: 30μg/10ml of beverage. RDA value of selenium in human body: The RDA value of selenium is 50-200 μg. According to the recommended daily dosage of selenium (14~50 years old) of Chinese Nutrition Society, 50μg, taking 200ml liquid milk per person per day, and adding selenium-enriched yeast in Canada as an example (selenium content reaches 2000μg/g,) It is recommended that the selenium-enriched yeast be added to the product in an amount of 125 mg/g.

5 production process of selenium-rich milk

5.1 Specifications and requirements of raw and auxiliary materials

1 Fresh milk: See Appendix A of GB540885, “General Technical Requirements for Fresh Milk (Supplement)”.

2 Selenium-enriched yeast: See GB1488094 for details. Selenium-enriched yeast of LALLEMAND, Canada, has a selenium content of 2000 μg/g.

5.2 Main production equipment

Hot and cold cylinders, high shears, homogenizers, sterilizers, etc.

5.3 Production process

Raw milk collection→ Acceptance→Pretreatment→Standardization→Addition of selenium-enriched yeast→Homogeneous→Filling→Pasteurization→Cooling→Storage→Distribution

5.4 Sensory index of selenium-enriched pasteurized milk

6 market prospects for selenium-rich milk

6.1 Costing

Take the Canadian selenium-enriched yeast as an example (selenium content reaches 2000μg/g), the added amount is 125mg/g, calculated at a market price of 500 yuan, the cost is only increased by 62.5 yuan / t than the blank product, but the value of the product is far Far more than the increased cost of this part.

6.2 Sales route

The recommended sales channel first defines the ordering of milk in the community and the delivery of milk to the household. In order to grasp the customer information, it is more beneficial to promote the market for the elderly and selenium-deficient people. To meet the needs of the current market for "small grouping" and "personalized" products, or the needs of market segments.

At present, the domestic dairy market is developing at a high speed, but the homogenization of products is serious, and the market segments are far from being formed. As a result, the market often relies on price wars to grab customers. The result is that the price of raw materials is rising, product prices. As the price war is getting lower and lower, on the other hand, the vacancy in the market segment has led to a gradual shrinkage of the homogenization market.

Nowadays, major dairy companies are paying more and more attention to the development of new products, so as to continuously increase the added value of products and enhance the overall image of the company. The concept of special products of selenium-enriched milk enables dairy companies to introduce new dairy products with this concept. Possible beyond the price war. And the selenium-enriched milk produced according to the recommended dosage of the Chinese Nutrition Society can effectively solve the problem of selenium supplementation in many selenium-deficient people in China's selenium-deficient areas, and has good social benefits.

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