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Yellow Throat Aquatic Technology
Yellow-throated Turtles: Breeding Techniques and Care Guide
The Yellow-throated Turtle, also known as the Stone Turtle, Water Turtle, or Sweet Tortoise, is native to regions such as southern China and Vietnam. These turtles are commonly found in provinces like Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui, but those from Vietnam are particularly noted for their larger size and more vibrant appearance. In local markets, the large yellow-water turtle from Vietnam is often referred to as the "Stone Money Turtle." Known for its high medicinal value, this species has strong detoxifying properties and is effective in treating chronic conditions like old stomach ailments and bronchitis. It is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for health supplements and therapeutic drugs.
Moreover, the Yellow-throated Turtle is one of the best species for cultivating green-haired turtles. Due to their declining wild populations, breeding them has become increasingly important. Commercially, these turtles are highly sought after, with prices reaching up to 600-800 yuan per kilogram, making their breeding a promising venture.
**Physical Characteristics and Behavior**
Yellow-throated Turtles are reptiles belonging to the family Geoemydidae. Their carapace is brown with three distinct ridges, while the plastron is yellow with dark spots, giving it the name "Ivory Plate." They have a narrow bridge and small shields. Their head is small, smooth, and scaleless, with two yellow vertical stripes behind the eyes. The throat is yellow, hence the name "Yellow-throated Turtle."
Male and female differences include: females have a broader, flatter plastron, a short tail, and a thick body, while males are darker in color, have a slightly concave middle plastron, and a longer, thinner tail. These turtles are primarily aquatic but can climb onto land. Their body temperature fluctuates with the environment but remains slightly higher. They hibernate when temperatures drop below 12°C, typically from November to April, and become active again when temperatures rise above 20°C. During the warmer months (April to October), they are most active, feeding and reproducing. Their ideal growth temperature ranges between 22°C and 32°C. When temperatures exceed 35°C, they may enter summer dormancy.
**Husbandry and Feeding**
To breed Yellow-throated Turtles successfully, a suitable habitat must be created. Turtle ponds should be built in sunny, quiet areas with good water sources. Two types of pools are common: soil-based or concrete. Soil pools should be 80–100 cm deep, while concrete pools should have a length-to-width ratio of 2:1, with separate areas for the pond, feeding station, and spawning ground. The pool slope should be around 20°, with a water depth of 20–30 cm and a spawning area of 30 cm deep. The bottom must be smooth to prevent injury.
Feeding is crucial for healthy growth. The water should be clear, with a pH of 7.2–8.5. Yellow-throated Turtles are omnivores, preferring animal-based foods like fish, shrimp, snails, and organ meats. Plant-based feeds such as soybean cake, corn, and fruits can also be used. Feeding should be regular, with 5% of the turtle’s body weight given daily. In summer, feed twice a day, and once in spring and autumn. Always clean the feeding area and change the water carefully to avoid temperature shocks.
**Breeding and Hatching**
In the wild, Yellow-throated Turtles reach sexual maturity at around 6 instars, weighing over 300 grams. Under artificial conditions, a 3:1 male-to-female ratio is ideal. Mating occurs when the water temperature exceeds 20°C, typically during the evening. Females lay eggs between mid-May and early August, with peak activity in late June to July. They dig nests on dry, loose soil and lay 3–7 eggs per clutch, twice a year.
For artificial hatching, collect eggs gently and place them in an incubation box filled with moist sand. Maintain a temperature of 28–34°C and a humidity level of 5–10%. After about 50 days, the hatchlings emerge with a high survival rate.
**Juvenile Care and Disease Prevention**
Newly hatched turtles, called hatchlings, require special care. Keep them in a smooth container with a small amount of water for 2–4 days to allow the yolk sac to absorb. Then transfer them to a hatchery pool with shallow water and bait stations. Feed them finely chopped fish, quail, and cooked egg yolk. Change the water daily and maintain stable temperatures.
Disease prevention is essential. Keep the water clean, use disinfectants periodically, and ensure a balanced diet. Avoid overfeeding and monitor the turtles closely for signs of illness. With proper care, Yellow-throated Turtles can thrive and provide both ecological and economic benefits.
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