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Yellow Throat Aquatic Technology
The Yellow-throated Turtle, also known as the Stone Turtle, Water Turtle, or Sweet Tortoise, is a species native to southern China and Vietnam. It is commonly found in provinces like Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui, but the most vibrant and larger specimens are produced in Vietnam. In local markets, the large yellow-water turtle from Vietnam is often referred to as the "Stone Money Turtle." This species holds significant medicinal value, particularly for its detoxifying properties and effectiveness in treating chronic conditions such as old stomach ailments and bronchitis. Due to this, it's widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for health products and therapeutic drugs.
In addition to its medicinal use, the Yellow-throated Turtle is also one of the best species for cultivating green-haired turtles. However, due to the limited number of wild populations, breeding has become increasingly important. Commercially, these turtles are highly sought after, with prices reaching up to 600-800 yuan per kilogram, making their breeding a promising business opportunity.
**Physical Characteristics and Behavior**
Yellow-throated Turtles belong to the reptile family, specifically the turtle subfamily. They have a brown carapace with three ridges, and their plastron is yellow with dark spots on either side, giving them the name "Ivory Plate." The head is small, smooth, and scaleless, with two distinct yellow vertical stripes behind the eyes. Their throat is yellow, which gives them their common name.
Males and females can be distinguished by physical traits: females tend to have a broader, flatter plastron and shorter, thicker tails, while males have a slightly concave plastron and longer, thinner bodies. These turtles are primarily aquatic but also enjoy climbing onto land. They are ectothermic, meaning their body temperature fluctuates with the environment, though it remains slightly higher than the outside temperature.
During the winter months, when temperatures drop below 12°C, they enter hibernation in the mud at the bottom of ponds. They typically emerge again in early April when temperatures rise above 12°C. When the temperature reaches 20°C or higher, they resume feeding and normal activity. From late April to late October, they are most active, feeding and mating during this period. Their ideal growth temperature ranges between 22–32°C, and they may enter summer dormancy when temperatures exceed 35°C.
**Feeding and Breeding Techniques**
For artificial breeding, the turtle pond should be built in a sunny, quiet area with a good water source. Ponds can be made of soil or concrete, with depths ranging from 80 to 100 cm. The water level should remain stable, and the top of the pond must be shaded during hot weather. Concrete ponds are designed with a 2:1 length-to-width ratio for efficient space use, and the ratio of pond, feeding area, and spawning ground is 2:1:1. The slope of the pool and nesting area should be around 20 degrees, with a water depth of 20–30 cm and a 30 cm deep spawning area.
Yellow-throated Turtles are omnivorous, and their diet can include both animal and plant-based foods. Animal sources such as small fish, shrimp, snails, and chicken organs are preferred. Plant-based food includes grains and fruits. Feeding should be done at fixed times and places, with the amount accounting for about 5% of the turtle’s weight. Regular cleaning and water changes are essential to maintain good water quality.
During the breeding season, which runs from mid-May to early August, female turtles seek out dry, loose soil to lay eggs. They dig nests, lay 3–7 eggs per batch, and cover them carefully. Artificial incubation is recommended to increase hatching success, with optimal temperatures between 28–34°C and sand moisture levels around 5–10%.
**Hatchling Care and Disease Prevention**
Newly hatched turtles are kept in smooth containers for a few days to prevent injury to their umbilical areas. Afterward, they are transferred to hatchery pools for further growth. Juveniles require soft, easily digestible food such as minced fish, cooked egg yolk, and lean meat. Clean water and proper feeding schedules are crucial for their development.
Disease prevention is vital. Maintaining clean water, avoiding sudden temperature changes, and providing balanced nutrition help reduce the risk of illness. Regular disinfection of the water and careful monitoring of feeding practices ensure the health of the turtles throughout their life cycle.
With proper care and management, breeding Yellow-throated Turtles can be a profitable and rewarding endeavor, especially in regions where demand for these turtles continues to grow.