Most of the apple production areas in China have the problem of uneven annual precipitation during the spring drought and autumn rain. How to make full use of the autumn rainfall in the spring to make use of the fruit trees in the spring, and it is particularly important to avoid excessive precipitation on the fruit trees. Autumn orchard water management should pay attention to the following aspects. It is a good idea to cover the orchards in drought-prone areas and preserve the valuable rainwater in autumn for fruit trees. It is a good idea to use them during the spring drought, so autumn is an excellent opportunity to cover the soil. Grass mulching avoids the erosion of soil by heavy rain and reduces surface runoff. Improve soil penetration and preserve rainwater. Evaporation after grass-covering can be reduced by more than 60%, soil moisture is relatively increased by 5% or so, so that it can be used in autumn and spring, and it can be used in less rain. Especially in the hilly areas, the amount of annual evaporation and runoff can be reduced by 400-500 mm through grass cover in orchards, and the soil moisture content in the root distribution layer of fruit trees is stable at over 15% year-round. Coverage can also prevent weed growth and reduce fruit loss. Commonly used materials cover crop stalks and mulch. The specific method is to apply the nitrogen fertilizer to the orchard without top dressing after the rain is fine, and then grind up the corn and wheat straw etc. 0.5 meters away from the trunk (which is easy to cover and rot, and can also directly cover). The ground is spread between the orchard rows and under the tree trays. The tree tray covers grass to cover the root distribution (outer canopy) with a thickness of 15-20 cm. Mature orchards should be covered with grass, and young orchards should be partially covered with grass (tree trays). Partial grass-covered grass uses 2000-3000 kg of hay or 4000-6000 kg of fresh grass, and 5000-8000 kg of grass cover the entire park. Don't dip grass in the ground when applying base fertilizer in autumn. When topdressing fruit trees, they can split the grass and apply more points. After 3 to 4 years of continuous ploughing, the basal fertilizer will be applied and will be replanted in the following year. The autumn film is rushing to the third peak of the fruit tree root system. At this time, the most significant effect is to cover the mulch, which can delay the decline of the ground temperature, resist drought and moisturize, prolong the growth period of the root system, and significantly increase the number of new roots of fruit trees. It can improve the effect of autumn basal fertilizer, promote microbial activity, increase soil effective nutrients, and is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in late fruit trees. In autumn, the mulching film is usually applied from late September to early winter, after the basal fertilizer has been applied, watering or raining. Coated with trenching and ridging, it can not only play a role in protecting the earth, but also play a role in preventing waterlogging in the event of excessive rain in the fall. Drainage and flood prevention The excessive rainfall in autumn can easily cause a large number of fruit trees, leading to poor nutrition accumulation in branches, low maturity, reduced resistance, and difficulty in flower bud formation. Poor water retention in orchards results in poor soil ventilation. Root respiration and microbial activity in the soil are inhibited, and salt is easily accumulated, causing root poisoning. Therefore, when the orchard soil moisture content reaches the maximum water holding capacity in the field, it should be drained. Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope Laser Scanning Microscope,Laser Confocal Microscope,Scanning Confocal Microscope,Microscopia Laser Confocal Ningbo ProWay Optics & Electronics Co., Ltd. , https://www.proway-microtech.com