Dairy cow disease prevention policy and countermeasures Cow disease is caused by damage to the body's functions or due to imbalances with the external environment. As a result, the growth of dairy cows is hindered, production performance is low or lost, and severe cases are also fatal. The purpose of feeding dairy cows is to obtain as many products as possible (mainly milk) and to ensure the safety of the product to humans (no pollution). Therefore, the dairy farms must adhere to the principle of “prevention from stress, control, and prevention†so as to reduce the incidence. Once the disease occurs, timely diagnosis and treatment can minimize the damage and harm caused by the disease. I. Prevention and control of infectious diseases 1. General: The epidemic of bovine contagious diseases is caused by the interrelatedness of the three factors: the source of infection, the route of infection and the susceptible cattle. Comprehensive comprehensive health and disease prevention measures must be taken to eliminate or cut off any of the three links. In order to control the occurrence and epidemic of infectious diseases. 2. Strengthen feeding and management, and do a good job in sanitation: Dairy farms must implement the principle of “prevention firstâ€. Only by strengthening feeding management, doing a good job of sanitation, and strengthening the disease resistance of dairy cows can we reduce the incidence of diseases. All kinds of feeds must be carefully inspected before feeding, and any moldy, deteriorating, rotted feeds must not be fed. The diet of cows should be formulated according to the feeding standards to meet the needs of growth and production, and adjusted in time according to different stages. Make sure to supply enough clean drinking water. When feeding, we must always pay attention to changes in the appetite of cattle and their special interests in feed. Dairy cows should be given moderate exercise. In addition to strong winds, rain, snow, heat, and pastures, we should not grazing, we should always grazing, increase the amount of exercise and illumination. Cowshed doors and windows should pay attention to the opening and closing of the season and climate change. The principle is: to keep warm in winter, air circulation, to prevent thief and draft style, to prevent cows and colds; summer to do a good job ventilation and summer cooling, cold water spray conditions available to prevent heat stress. The cowshed should be as clean and dry as possible. Grazing farms must remove cow dung after each grazing, and often remove weeds, broken bricks and other debris. 3. Adhere to the disinfection system, strengthen isolation and blockade: Dairy farms must strictly implement the disinfection system and remove all sources of infection. In the production area and the entrance of the cowshed, disinfecting tanks and disinfection equipment should be set up, and the effective disinfection of people entering and exiting and vehicles entering and leaving should always be maintained. The disinfection of the production area is not less than once per quarter, the cowshed is sterilized once a month, the cattle bed is sterilized once a week, and the production cowsheds, isolated cowsheds and diseased cowsheds are subject to necessary regular disinfection according to specific conditions. If the cow is found to be suffering from a contagious disease, the diseased cattle should be kept in isolation and the dead cows should be sent to the designated place for proper disposal. Sites that raise diseased cows should be cleaned and disinfected immediately. Contaminated feeding utensils must also be strictly disinfected and grass (material) must be burned. In the case of respiratory infections, spray disinfection should also be carried out in the cowshed. The frequency of disinfection should be strengthened during epidemics. 4. Establish a regular quarantine system: Bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis are both zoonosis. Identify diseased cows early and take decisive measures early to ensure the health of cattle and product safety. According to current regulations, bovine tuberculosis can be quarantined by bovine tuberculosis using the purified tuberculin allergy method. Healthy cattle are conducted twice a year. Brucellosis bovine can be quarantined by Brucella tube agglutination, twice a year. Other infectious diseases can be carried out in different ways depending on the specific disease. The quarantine of parasitic diseases is based on regular local inspections of parasitic diseases and intermediate hosts, such as necropsy of cattle slaughtered, inspection of eggs of parasites, blood tests, and body surface inspections. For preventive treatment. 5. Regular implementation of the vaccination system: China has a vast territory and the epidemics vary. All local regulations on vaccination against major diseases of dairy cows must be followed and vaccination should be carried out regularly. Enhance the specific resistance of cows to infectious diseases, such as anthrax sporelings against anthrax. 6. Strict implementation of the new implementing regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture on veterinary drug management regulations and careful implementation of NY 5046-2001 pollution-free animal products "Guidelines for the use of veterinary drugs for dairy cows" and NY 5047-2001 "Guidelines for epidemic prevention of veterinary drugs for dairy cows". Dairy disease prevention policy and countermeasure 2 Second, prevention and control of ordinary diseases 1. General: The prevention of common diseases in dairy cows is focused on improving husbandry and management. Feeding dairy cows should strictly follow the special physiological needs and feeding standards of dairy cows, and provide diets containing appropriate nutrition, texture, non-toxicity, good palatability, and appropriate crude feed ratio according to different growth stages and production performance. Should be kept in a dry, clean place; when the temperature is appropriate and the grazing conditions are good, it should be fully placed outdoors to maintain proper light. 2. Yak feeding management points: 1 to 2 hours after birth, calves should be fed 1 to 2 kilograms of cow colostrum, because colostrum contains a lot of immunoglobulin, very conducive to enhancing the resistance of primary calves. Breast milk should be fed within 7 days. After 7 days, mixed cow milk or milk replacer can be used. However, regular, quantitative and constant temperature should be achieved. The total amount of breastfeeding per calf is 350-400 kg, and the lactation period is about 60 days. Individual calves with poor development may be increased as appropriate. 3. Reserve cattle breeding management points: According to feeding standards to give fine material, and fully feed high quality coarse material. On the basis of normal growth and development, when 15 to 17 months of age and more than 375 kg in weight are available for breeding. For those who have not reached the weight standard, feeding management should be improved and postponed until 18 months of age. 4. Perinatal cow raising and management points: The heavy fetus during the second trimester should be moved to the farrowing house one week prior to the birth. Delivery room should be clean, dry, and often disinfected. Breeders should strengthen their observation of the production of cattle and try their best to deliver naturally. In case of abnormal delivery, the birth canal should be checked after strict cleaning and disinfecting, and artificial assis- tance should be provided only when necessary. After the delivery of the cow's placental clothes is still not discharged in 12 to 24 hours, should be treated; and observe the lochia nature, the number of discharge and uterine involution. Perinatal feeding should be based on rehabilitation, and should not be quickly added milk. The appropriate amount of milk in the new production within 3 days is generally enough to feed calves, and should not be squeezed to prevent post-production paralyzed milk. Milk can be squeezed after 3 days. 5. The main points of feeding and management of lactating cattle: focus on uterus purification and timely breeding, ensuring that cows will conceive within 3 to 4 months after childbirth. In the early lactation period, the concentration of the diet can be appropriately increased, and the guide feeding method can be used to prolong the peak of lactation. Use milking machine correctly, regular cleaning and disinfection. Regular monitoring of recessive mastitis, if the positive rate of latent mastitis exceeds 15%, should check and overcome the problems in the dairy farm. 6. Dry dairy cattle feeding and management points: Guaranteed 60 days of dry milk. The detection of latent mastitis should be performed half an month before the expected dry milk, and the positive breast area should be treated, and dry milk should be cured. The entire dry period should pay special attention to breast changes, and there should be timely diagnosis and treatment of abnormalities. Feed should be dominated by coarse materials, high-quality hay should be fed, and the amount of concentrate fed should be strictly controlled to prevent body fat. Third, the nursing of sick cattle After the onset of cows, they should be promptly discovered and treated for early recovery. During the period of illness, care should be taken to strengthen nursing. As the saying goes, “three-point treatment and seven-point nursing†can be seen, showing the importance of nursing work for rehabilitation of sick cattle. The main points for nursing sick cows are as follows. Improve feeding: 2. Strengthening management: It is very important to maintain cleanliness. Because the body resistance of cattle is weaker after the illness, in order to prevent new infectious diseases, the number of sterilizations should be increased at the breeding site. For example, cows suffering from limb disease or difficulty in getting up and lying, it is best to keep on the mud land and pad grass to prevent slipping. Help each day to stand up and prevent bedsores from happening. 3. Optimize the environment: The optimum temperature for feeding dairy cows is 5 to 25°C. Stresses are generated when the animals are over or under high. Therefore, the living environment of dairy cows after illness should be even better for summer heatstroke and winter warmth. When the environment is overheated, fans, cold water sprays, and ice cubes can be used to cool down; when cold is over, doors and windows should be closed to prevent the strong wind from blowing straight, or to cover the cow's back with warmth. Diseased cows should have a quiet environment. Diagnosis and treatment should be focused as much as possible to avoid constant interruption of the dairy cows by human interference. In summer and autumn, mosquitoes and flies must be strengthened to prevent insects from attacking diseased cattle.
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When introducing new cattle, the necessary quarantine of infectious diseases must be carried out first. Negatively-reacting cattle should also be reared for a period of time according to the regulations, and when they are confirmed to be free of infectious diseases, the original herds can be kept. In the event of an outbreak of a severe infectious disease, except for strict isolation of diseased cows, they should immediately report to the higher authorities, and a regional blockade should be made. Clear signs should be set up on the edge of the blockade area to reduce personnel exchanges. A quarantine and disinfection station should be set up at the necessary traffic intersections and a disinfection system should be implemented. In the closed area, strict disinfection should be implemented. Strict implementation of the veterinary authorities' treatment of diseases and dead cows should be strictly implemented and disinfection should be properly performed. After the last cow is cured or treated, the blockade can only be released after a certain period of lock-up and thorough and complete disinfection.
1. The general digestive function of diseased cattle declines. Therefore, in order to enable the diseased cattle to recover soon, the feeds to be fed should be easy to digest and rich in nutrients, and the palatability should be better. Fresh green fodder and quality hay should be given, and enough should be given. Clean drinking water. Feeding should be done as little as possible, and the number of feedings should be increased.