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Bitter gourd cultivation techniques
(I) Main cultivars: 1. Xiang Bitter Gourd No.3: a provincial-certified variety, a hybrid generation, early maturity, high yield, high quality, disease resistance, and cold resistance. Melon skin is green and white, sarcoma is protuberant, long-spindle-shaped, slightly bitter, crispy flesh, and good chyme. A single melon weighs 300-400 grams, generally yields 3,500-4,500 kilograms per mu. 2. Short white bitter gourd: Mainly distributed in suburban food areas and counties, towns and rural areas. The main vines began to appear in 8th female flower, female flower section rate of 50 to 70%, fruit white, spindle-shaped, about 22.3cm, thick 4.4cm, fruit sarcoma thick, meat thickness of 0.8cm single fruit weight 150-300 grams. Precocious, more cold-tolerant, intolerant to drought and drought, wide adaptability. Plants strong branching. In the early stage, the main vines were covered with melons. The fruit is crisp and slightly bitter, cool and refreshing. In late May began to close in mid-June to mid-August Sheng received} the outskirts of Four Seasons Park multi pull vines in late August to early September: Suburbs old goods Garden vegetable areas and rural areas, can be extended to the end of September to early October strike garden . Mu yield 3000-4000 kg. 3. Sea cucumber bitter gourd: Changsha area variety. Wangcheng and Liuyang have a small amount of cultivation in rural areas. The main vine section 14-21 start now female, female rate of 40-50%. Green white fruit. Fusiform, length 29.1cm, 7.4cm thick, 0.9cm flesh, sarcoma into spiny protrusions, the shape of sea cucumber, weight 150-300 g, cooked, heat intolerance stains, wide adaptability. Strong branching plants, the main vines in the early period, the main and side vines at the same time, the melons, melons short and thick, meat thick powder, bitter sweet. Growth period 190-200 days. It was harvested in early June, harvested from late June to mid-August, and was parked at the end of September, yielding 2000-2,500 kilograms per mu. 4. Changbai bitter gourd: mainly distributed along the eastern outskirts of Changsha City Liuyang River area doubles as a rice dish. Section 15-22 main vine now beginning female, female section 30 of a 40% fruit white, oblong strip, length 42.2cm, thick 40cm, elongated flesh 0.7cm} sarcoma; fruit weight 300-500 g, Late maturity, hi wet, cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, poor soil adaptability, avoid continuous cropping, should be cultivated in loose and fertile paddy sandy loam soil. Plants branching and strong, the main vine fruiting early, middle and late master, while Ceman fruiting, Guatiao long straight, succulent crisp, cool slightly bitter. 180 to 190 days of growth period, beginning in mid-June, from early July to mid-August, to close in late September. Mu produce 2500-3000 kg. (B) The main cultivation techniques Bitter gourd is generally cultivated in the spring, the optimum temperature for the growth period is 25-30 °C. Changsha area can be cultivated over the summer. The bitter gourd is demanding on the land and should be planted in a cool and wet place, if the terrain is low and there is water accumulation. The plants grow slowly, the vines are weak, the leaves are yellow, the disease is serious, and the yield is reduced. Bitter gourd avoid continuous work, must implement the 3-4 year rotation system. For example, the rotation of crops can shorten the rotation period. In the newly cultivated land, higher yields can be obtained. About 0.6-0.8 kilograms of seeds per acre of Daejeon are needed; the planting density is 800 plants per mu, and 3 seedlings per hole. In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, seedlings are often planted from late March to early April; planted in late April, and are generally 2.0-2.7m wide, with 2 rows per row and 0.5-0.7m spacing. The shelving is the same as a loofah shed, with herringbone brackets. There are also row spacing 0.7-0.8m, hole spacing 0.3-0.5m, 2-3 strains per hole, early in mid-June, close at the end of September. Spring sowing, especially in early spring, should be nursed in the nutrition cup (or pot) in the film greenhouse. Large seedlings can be planted, seedlings can be planted early and harvested earlier. Bitter gourd is resistant to fertilizer, adequate fertilizer is the basic guarantee of high yield. The requirements for nutrient elements are complete with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, pig manure with long-effect fertilizer and various livestock manure, etc. Generally, 1000-1500 kg of rotten pig manure is applied per hectare as base fertilizer. Fertilizer, topdressing should be applied thinly; after the beginning of the results, sufficient fertilizer should be applied, and 30-35% of human waste can be used once every 5-7 days; after the fruit period, 3-40 percent of the total amount of manure water is poured. Through pouring, promoting the growth of guava vines, guaranteeing to continue to melon. Before and after the project, in the period of high temperature and drought, low ditch irrigation can be adopted to keep the land wet. Once the soil is immersed in the soil, it will be topdressed once. It is best to use organic fertilizer as top dressing. The vines should be placed on the vines at 34 cm. The method of arranging the vines is the same as that of thread melons. Since the female flowers of the bitter gourd vines are late, the scaffolding should not be too large. In order to increase the yield of dense plants, the side vines can be removed, the coiled vines can be picked, and the male can be picked. In order to exert the advantages of the main vine, the side vines of the plant are removed. After the vine spreads on the shed, it looks like there are no small melons in the side vines, and melons are topping in the season; no melons will be cut off from the base. If there are several female flowers on a side vine, then the nearest one is left. When vines are being vetted, they must be cleared of vines so that they do not twine. Bitter gourd served with tender fruit and harvested in time. Generally 12-15 days after flowering is the harvest period. That is, the fruit is fuller, and the peel is soft and shiny. When the fruit color is cold, it is picked. Over-harvesting reduces the variety and yield. The length of the harvesting period and the yield of bitter gourd vary according to the regional variety, cultivation season and cultivation conditions. In North China and China, there are more greenhouses for cultivation, and the average yield per mu is 1500-2000 kg, and the yield can reach 3500 kg. The plant retains the fruit in the middle of the plant that has the traits of this variety and is harvested when the top of the fruit turns yellow. Immediate dissection or after-ripening 2-3 days can be seeded, the seeds washed with water to dry. Bitter gourd seeds should not be exposed in the hot sun, otherwise, reduce or even lose germination. Ventilation should be stored, closed storage is easy to lose germination. Pest Control: The common pests of bitter gourd include tigers and snails. Endangering the root colonies of plants often results in poor growth of the whole mound, resulting in serious reduction of yield. The main disease is wilt disease, which mainly prevents the invasion of pathogenic bacteria from natural cracks and diseases. More than 90% of air humidity, the temperature of 20-25 °C, the disease progressed rapidly. Commonly used 48% Rhizobia 800 times soaking roots, 250 grams per hole, 50% carbendazim WP 80 () times, 48% of trevisitosis 800-1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl 700-800 Times, 45% Daisen ammonium 800-1000 times Irrigation root, 250 grams per hole, double effect Ling 300 times spray.