Yan Huangqi Ye Mei Huang Dumei
Latin name: Kerria japonica
Common names: Huang Xi Ye Mei, Huang Dumei
Family: Rosaceae
Origin:
Native to China, this plant is found in provinces such as Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hunan, Sichuan, and Yunnan. It is also distributed in Japan.
The genus Kerria consists of only one species, but it is widely cultivated and appreciated in many regions for its ornamental value.
Growing Conditions:
This plant prefers warm and humid climates and is relatively shade-tolerant and cold-hardy. In the Beijing area, it is often grown in unheated greenhouses, where it may suffer from freezing and drying, leaving only dry shoots. However, when planted in small yards with good sunlight and wind protection, it can survive the winter safely. It has moderate soil requirements but does not tolerate drought.
For large-scale cultivation, sowing is commonly used. For double-flowered varieties, vegetative propagation via ramets or cuttings is recommended. Cuttings can be taken from hard stems in early April or during the rainy season from July to August. After planting the cuttings on a bed, they should be covered with plastic film and shaded to maintain moisture and warmth. Roots typically develop within about 40 days.
Morphological Features:
The plant can grow between 1 and 1.6 meters tall, with a crown that may reach up to 2 meters in width. The branchlets are green, smooth, and hairless. The leaves are alternate, oblong-ovate in shape, with a long apex and a wedge-shaped or nearly round base. The leaf margins are serrated. The upper surface is light green and hairless, while the lower surface is pale and densely hairy. Flowers appear singly at the top of lateral branches, are golden yellow, five-petaled, and approximately 3 to 4 cm in diameter.
Flowering occurs from April to May. The fruit is an achene, dark brown, flat and spherical, with persistent sepals. It matures from August to September.
Cultivation Tips:
Propagation is mainly done through ramets or cuttings. After flowering, remove spent flowers and dead branches. If any branches die, prune them gradually from the top down, as neglecting this can lead to the death of the entire plant. To encourage growth for the next year, cut back the plant to about 7 cm in length during winter and spring, and apply a base fertilizer around the roots.
With its attractive green branches, lush foliage, and golden flowers, this plant is ideal for garden decoration. It thrives best in sunny, leeward locations with deep, fertile, and moist soil. When planting seedlings, ensure sufficient organic fertilizer is added. After each winter, apply compost around the rhizosphere. During dry seasons, water regularly to keep the soil moist, and ensure proper drainage during rainy periods. In winter, provide adequate antifreeze watering, and in Beijing, it's advisable to protect the base from cold. Due to its dense growth, it’s recommended to remove 3- to 4-year-old branches every 2 to 3 years during dormancy to promote new shoot growth. After flowering, promptly remove the remaining flower stems, and in late autumn or early spring, prune any damaged, weak, or diseased branches to maintain a neat and elegant appearance.
Application:
In early summer, the golden petals sway gently on soft branches. The fruit is an achene, dark brown, and grows on a disk-shaped receptacle with persistent sepals.
Enjoy the beautiful flowers in summer and admire the green branches in winter. In gardens, it can be planted along fences, walls, water edges, slopes, forest borders, or lawns, or used as hedges and combined with rockeries.
The flowers have medicinal uses, helping with swelling, coughs, pain, and aiding digestion.
Variants and Cultivars:
(1) Var. aureo-marginata Rehd: Leaves have a yellow margin.
(2) Var. picta Sieb.: Leaves have a white margin.
(3) Var. pleniflora Witte: Double golden-yellow petals, spherical shape, fragrant, and highly ornamental.
There are other variants, though they are less common.
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