Matang and Hemostatic Matang
Madronium digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., also known as Hemostasis d.ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb, is an annual grassy weed commonly referred to as root grass or chicken grass. It is widely distributed across the country and is considered a major weed in dry-season crops, orchards, and nurseries.
The plant typically has prostrate stems that can root at the nodes, with smooth, hairless surfaces. The height of the plant ranges from 40 to 100 cm. The leaves are lance-shaped, with sparse hairs on both sides or may be glabrous. The leaf sheaths are shorter than the internodes, often featuring prominent sulci. A blunt membranous ligule is present.
The inflorescence consists of 3 to 10 racemes arranged like fingers, with the lower ones submerged. Spikelets are usually axillary, with one stalked and another nearly sessile. The first lemma is smaller, while the second is more robust, with ciliate margins. The first palea is equal in length to the spikelet, with 5–7 veins, unevenly spaced and glabrous. The second lemma covers the inner keel. The caryopsis is oval and transparent.
This species reproduces by seeds. One key difference between this plant and other similar grasses, such as crabgrass, lies in the raceme structure: it typically has 3–4 racemes, each 2–8 cm long, with 2–3 spikelets per section. The first palea has 5 veins, with soft, rod-shaped hairs along the veins and margins. When mature, the second lemma turns dark brown.
Ecologically, germination occurs best at temperatures between 25–40°C, with optimal germination at 63–92% relative humidity. Seeds should be planted at a depth of 1–5 cm. The plant thrives in moist, well-lit environments and grows vigorously in wet, nutrient-rich soils. Large populations emerge from late April through late June. Seed production occurs between August and October, with mature seeds exhibiting dormancy.
It is commonly found along riverbanks, in marshy areas, or in wild wetlands. As one of the important weeds in spring, it becomes particularly noticeable in late spring and early summer. Its presence can significantly affect crop yields and require careful management in agricultural settings.
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