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Integrated control of watermelon sclerotinia in greenhouse
In recent years, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in watermelon production in spring greenhouses in Dongtai City has been recurring and re-emerging. It needs to be highly valued and actively prevented. Sclerotinia mainly harms stems, leaves and fruits of watermelons. The base of the stem is infected, and water stains are found on the base of the stem. Afterwards, it expands into light brown spots, resulting in soft rot or longitudinal cracks in the base of the stem. When the humidity is high, white flocculent mycelium grows in the diseased part, causing the sick stem to die. The leaves were infected, and there was a gray-brown, wet, rot-like spot on the foliage. When the humidity was high, white floc was formed on the lesions and the leaves rotted. Infected with melons, many water-soaked spots appeared in the flower pedicles of the young melons, and they showed wet rot after enlargement. The white flocculent mycelium was densely covered in the melons, and the feces-like nucleus was found in the late diseased part. The suitable temperature for the disease is 15 to 20°C and the relative humidity is above 85%, that is, the low temperature and high humidity in the shelter are beneficial to the disease. In recent years, plots of melons, solanaceous fruits, and cruciferous crops, as well as low-lying areas with poor drainage and partial nitrogenous fertilizers, have been seriously affected. To prevent and treat watermelon sclerotinia in the greenhouse, comprehensive measures should be taken. (1) Rotation between dry and dry land. Watermelon in the spring in the coastal area will be planted in the rice field after the end of June. The sclerotia will rot in the water within one month. (2) Seed disinfection. Sclerotia can be killed by soaking in warm water at 50°C for 10-15 minutes. (3) coated bacteriostatic. Before planting, the entire surface of the mulch is covered with the mulch to inhibit the release of ascospore from the ascendant disc and reduce the source of bacteria. (4) adjust the temperature and humidity. Promote the application of drip irrigation technology under the membrane, which can save water and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. In the morning and early morning in sunny spring, the shack is mainly covered with arbor, so that the water droplets on the roof can be atomized, and the ventilation at the noon should be timely and damp. At night, attention should be paid to cover the insulation and reduce the condensation of the leaves. (5) Spray and prevent disease. At the beginning of the disease, use 50% procymidone WP 1000 to 1500 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 to 1000 times, or 40% carbendazim suspension 500 times, or creatinine Ling 65% methylthiophene WP 800 to 1000 times solution, or Shi Jiale 400 g/liter pyrimethanil suspension 600 to 800 times liquid spray control, once every 5 to 7 days, continuous control 3 to 4 times. Spraying should avoid high temperature during noon so as to avoid phytotoxicity. (6) Smoke smoke. From April to May, it was continuously rainy, and the burnt, rotten melons, rotten leaves and rotten vines on the diseased plants were buried deep outside the greenhouse. At the same time, 10% Procymidone or 45% chlorothalonil was used per acre. 250-300 grams of smoke agent smoke prevention and control. After closing the shed in the evening, 5 to 6 points are evenly distributed, and the smoke agent is lit sequentially from the inside to the outside. The person can enter the shed after sufficient ventilation and air change the next day. According to the disease every 5 to 7 days smoked once, even smoked 2 or 3 times. It is worth noting that the smoke agent can only be used in greenhouses, greenhouses, and greenhouses. It cannot be used directly on watermelons in small arch shelters to avoid phytotoxicity.