Lufthansa News (6): Photosynthetic Study of Sedum Acid Metabolic Pathways

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Lufthansa News (6)
Photosynthetic study on plants of sedative acid metabolism pathway
Lufthansa Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd. (Shandong 271000)
(for more information, please visit Lufthansa website)
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Background information:
The crassulacean acid metabolism pathway (CAM pathway) refers to an additional pathway for photosynthetically fixed carbon dioxide in some succulent plants (first discovered in sedum plants) that grow in tropical and subtropical arid and semi-arid regions. . Plants with this pathway are known as CAM plants. Under the natural conditions, the stomata are closed during the day and open at night. They have this pathway to maintain water balance and to assimilate carbon dioxide. The pathway is characterized by: phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) as a carbon dioxide acceptor in nighttime cells, oxaloacetate formed by PEP carboxylase, reduced to malic acid, and stored in vacuoles; The acid is transferred from the vacuole into the chloroplast for decarboxylation to release carbon dioxide, which is then converted to sugar by the Calvin cycle. Therefore, the organic acids in the green part of such plants, especially malic acid, have diurnal changes, accumulated at night, and reduced during the day. Starch is a nighttime reduction (due to the conversion to carbon dioxide acceptor PEP) daytime accumulation (due to photosynthesis results). Many families of plants such as agave, cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rosaceae, and Bromeliad have been found to have this pathway. Generally speaking, CAM plants are juicy, but they are also not juicy. Succulents are not all CAM plants. This type of plant adapts to the environment by changing its metabolism type. Due to the characteristics of this pathway, the photosynthetic rate is very low (3-10 mg CO2·decimeter-2 h-1), so it grows slowly but can be difficult in other plants. Survival and growth under ecological conditions of survival. If the C4 plant is spatially staggered by the carbon dioxide fixation and the Calvin cycle, then the Sedum acid cycle is staggered in time.
Study on photosynthesis of plants with sedative acid metabolism pathway:
Because of the special photosynthetic pathway, CAM plants make the determination of photosynthesis very different from other plants.
1 CAM plant leaves often have different shapes, fleshy, and thicker leaves, such as the cactus shown above. (Currently, the best photosynthetic apparatus in the world is mainly designed for crops such as corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, etc., so it is difficult to use for the leaves of CAM plants)
2 The principle of photosynthetic apparatus (portable photosynthesis analyzer) is based on the total reaction formula of photosynthesis:
CO 2 + 2H 2 O * + 4.69kJ → (CH 2 O) + O * 2 + H 2 O
The photosynthetic rate was calculated by measuring the change in CO 2 concentration by an infrared CO 2 gas analyzer. The CAM plant white weather hole is closed and does not exchange gas with the outside world. Therefore, the photosynthesis rate of CAM plants cannot be determined by photosynthetic apparatus. This is also the root cause of many users using photosynthetic equipment to determine that some plants have been in the vicinity of zero.
3 CAM plant photosynthetic rate is very low, the measurement must be measured with more sophisticated instruments than other crops.
Based on the above characteristics, we must take a new path to determine the photosynthetic rate of CAM plants. As discussed in the previous chapters, plant materials that are irregular to the leaves that cannot be measured with a photosynthetic apparatus can be measured with an oxygen electrode.
Method 1: Determination of photosynthetic rate of CAM plants by oxygen electrode,
According to the total reaction formula of photosynthesis:
CO 2 + 2H 2 O * + 4.69kJ → (CH 2 O) + O * 2 + H 2 O
The photosynthetic rate of the oxygen electrode is different from that of the photosynthetic apparatus (see “The difference between photosynthetic rate and photocatalytic activity and the advantages and disadvantages of the oxygen electrode”). The oxygen electrode measures the photosynthetic rate by the release of oxygen, because the reaction is in the liquid phase. In the system, the effect of the pores on the gas release is eliminated. Moreover, the oxygen electrode has a very high precision and is not susceptible to the low photosynthetic rate of CAM plants.
Oxygen electrodes that can be used to determine the photosynthetic rate of CAM plants are: Chlorolab-2 and Chlorolab-3 ( Hansatech , UK)
Method 2: Estimate net photosynthetic accumulation by measuring the CO2 uptake at multiple points in the evening using a CO2 analyzer.
The CAM plant separates the fixation of carbon dioxide from the Calvin cycle by time, and opens the pores at night to absorb CO2, so we can estimate it with a CO2 analyzer at night. Since the photosynthetic rate of CAM plants is generally low, even if there is less CO2 absorbed at night, we can measure the absorption of CO2 by the population, so that it can be measured by the group assimilation chamber equipped with photosynthetic apparatus, and the group assimilation chamber is closed. The gas path can be (lower CAM photosynthetic rate), measured at multiple points in the evening, as measured by daytime changes in daytime, the absorption of CO2 is measured at several points, so that the photosynthetic accumulation of CAM plants can be estimated.
Photosynthetic instruments are generally equipped with a group assimilation chamber, such as CIRAS-2 with CPY-2, CPY-3 type assimilation chamber ( PP Systems , USA)
In summary, we must pay attention to the use of photosynthetic apparatus to determine the photosynthetic rate, if the experimental materials studied by themselves are agave, cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rosaceae, Bromelia One of them must pay attention to whether the material is a CAM plant. If it is a CAM plant, it is necessary to select an oxygen electrode to measure the photosynthetic rate. The oxygen electrode is a material that can be measured by a photosynthetic apparatus, such as algae, a special part of a plant, and the like.

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