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Do a good job of fertilizer and water management to get a good start of fertilizer management and control. At present, wheat in some areas such as Jiaodong, Luzhong, and Lubei in our province is still in the period of getting up. For this part of the land, we must continue to do a good job in fertilizer and water management according to local conditions. Especially for the second type of wheat fields, the three types of wheat fields that have not been top-dressed in the early stage, or the types of wheat fields that have poor ground conditions, it is important to focus on the fertilizers and waters during the initial period. The period of wheat's rise is also an effective period of using chemical control agents to control the lodging and anti-migration. For plots that are large or where the population is generally high but the ground is high, attention should be paid to timely spraying and controlling agents.
Do a good job of joint management of fertilizer and water. The jointing period is a key period in the management of wheat fields, especially in high-yield wheat fields. The period from the Ching Ming to April 20 is a key period for fertilizer and water-saving in the whole province. This time, water and fertilizer have an important role in increasing the panicle number and the number of grains per panicle, and there is no type of spring fertilizer and water management. Seedlings should highlight the top dressing during the jointing stage.
According to the law of wheat spring fertilization, the application of joint fertilizer should be based on urea, and the nitrogen content of the compound fertilizer is low, which is not suitable for spring fertilizer. The application of potash fertilizer at the jointing stage has obvious effect of preventing lodging and increasing yield. The high-yielding plot can be combined with nitrogen fertilizer to harvest 6-12 kilograms of potash fertilizer at the jointing stage.
Do a good job in the management of fertilizer and water during flowering and filling. After the heading of wheat, the number of ears per mu is a foregone conclusion, but the number of grains per panicle and grain weight are also greatly changed because about two-thirds of the starch accumulated in the seed number comes from photosynthesis after flowering, so this stage is decided The critical period of grain weight. The direction of management is to preserve roots, preserve leaves, extend the duration of photosynthetic high value, delay aging, and increase grain weight.
First, you must pour well flowering or grout water. Water consumption from wheat flowering to maturity accounted for one-fourth of the total water consumption during the entire growth period, and water supply is needed to satisfy the supply. Drought will not only affect the grain weight, but also affect the number of grains per panicle during flowering. Therefore, on the basis of pouring water and drawing water, we can meet the requirements of wheat growth in the later period according to the wheat field watering in the flowering to filling stage. However, excessive soil moisture before maturity will affect root activity and reduce grain weight, so watering should be stopped 10 days before maturation.
Second, to spray foliar fertilizer, foliar fertilizer can not only make up for the lack of root absorption, to meet the nutrients needed for wheat growth and development; but also can improve the field microclimate, reduce the risk of dry hot wind, enhance leaf function, delay aging, improve grouting Speed, increase grain weight, increase wheat yield. Therefore, foliar spraying can be carried out from the booting stage of the flag to the initial stage of grouting. Foliage dressing is best done after 4 pm in the sunny afternoon, spraying once every 7-10 days, 24 hours after spraying, if there is rain, it should be sprayed once. In order to simplify the operation, it can be combined with other field operation measures. For example, pesticides, fungicides, and foliar fertilizers can be mixed into a liquid mixture for foliar spraying, which can simultaneously prevent diseases, prevent insects, and prevent dry heat and wind from being sprayed. Three defenses" effect.
To prevent late spring In recent years, the province has often suffered from frost damage in April. After the jointing of wheat in April, it completely lost the ability to resist low temperatures below 0°C. When the cold wave comes, the surface temperature will suddenly drop below 0°C. Frost damage in early spring.
The preventive measures for frost damage in early spring are as follows:
The first is to prevent early spring frost damage. Since the heat capacity of water is greater than the heat capacity of air and soil, watering before the cold flow in early spring can increase the water vapor in the near-surface air, release latent heat when condensation occurs, and reduce the variation of ground temperature. At the same time, the soil moisture increases after irrigation, the soil thermal conductivity increases, and the temperature increases.
Second, the remedial measures after cold injury in early spring are supplementation and watering. Immediately after freezing, wheat should be quickly applied to nitrogen fertilizer and watering. The coupling effect of nitrogen and moisture will promote early tillering of wheat, and small borers will catch up, increase tiller percentage, and reduce damage caused by freezing injury.
Comprehensive prevention of pests and diseases is beneficial to the occurrence of wheat spiders, wheat aphids, etc. Before the winter, wheat aphids and wheat spiders in Hebei, Lunan and other places are relatively heavy, and local damage has been caused. Wheat sheath blight, powdery mildew, subterranean pests, rice planthoppers in the southern region, such as Laodelphax striatellus, are also high. After the jointing of wheat, with the increase of temperature, various diseases and insect pests gradually entered the high-incidence period, and attention should be paid to doing a good job of forecasting and timely control. The focus of prevention and control is wheat, wheat spiders, underground pests, sheath blight, powdery mildew, full-bleeding, root rot, leaf rust, and co-predomination of Laodelphax striatellus and other pests, alerting to the prevalence of wheat stripe rust.
The control of wheat spiders can be controlled by spray of 3000 times of 0.9% avermectin EC. To prevent and control wheat midge, it is possible to use 1-5% of 5% methylisothiphos granules or 40% of methylisothiphos in the middle and mid-April of April. 150-200 milliliters of emulsifiable concentrates spread on the surface of 30-40 kg of fine sand or fine sandy soil, and have a good effect on prevention and control of watering after application.
For the control of underground pests, 40% methylisothiphos EC or 50% phoxim EC can be sprayed on the stem of 40-50 ml per mu.
Prevention of wheat stubble, 10% imidacloprid can be used 10-15 grams per acre spray, and cure Laodelphax striatellus.
The control of wheat midge insects can occur from the heading of wheat to the early stage of flower budding, and 50% of beta-cypermethrin EC can be sprayed with 20-30 ml of water per mu, which also accounts for the first generation of cotton bollworm.
For the control of sheath blight, 5% Jinggangmycin can be sprayed on the stem base of 150-200 ml per mu, and 75-100 kg of water sprayed at intervals of 10-15 days.
Control powdery mildew, rust, available 20% Trifenin EC 50-75 ml spray per acre.
To control gibberellin, leaf blight, and blight, can use 50% carbendazim WP to spray 75-100 grams per acre, the above pests and diseases can be mixed with a mixture of drugs can be used to control the road.
For more weeds, we should use artificial methods to remove them, and we must not use herbicides to prevent them. Because the use of herbicides after jointing wheat on the one hand, weeding effect is poor, on the other hand, it is easy to cause damage to wheat.
Wheat current and later management technical points
In some of the wheat fields in our province, due to the previous drought, the secondary roots were short and the number of groups was insufficient, and the drought in some areas still existed. In response to this situation, at the meeting of the province's spring agricultural production held on April 7th, Yu Zhenwen, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, head of the Wheat Experts Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and professor of Shandong Agricultural University, introduced the current and future management of wheat in our province. Technical points.