Site selection

The site selection is a scientific and technical work. The reasonableness of the site directly affects the future development of production. Therefore, before the construction of the site, it is necessary to carefully conduct a comprehensive survey and reasonable layout in accordance with the requirements of the overall plan for the construction of the site, and must not rush to set up a site or conduct a subjective operation. This will cause trouble to production and cause undue losses.

The site selection should be based on the principle that the natural environment conditions are suitable for the biological characteristics of the leech, and based on a steady source of feed, according to the scale of production and the development of long-term planning, consider its layout. The focus should be on feed, water, and epidemic prevention conditions. At the same time, transportation, electricity, and other conditions should also be taken into account. There is a lot of water consumption in the open market. Therefore, the site should be selected on the ground or where the groundwater source is adequate and where the water quality is good. It is best to use deep well water or spring water for drinking water. Water in lakes and still water ponds is easily contaminated and is not suitable for drinking. As far as farms are concerned, they do not occupy farmland. It is best to use barren or non-arable land. The area of ​​the land should be compatible with the number of herds and future development needs. Sandy soil and sandy loam are suitable for soil.

The shacks should be built on a site with high ground, dry ground, and leeward sun. Low-lying loachy, unfavorable discharge of swampy areas, often filled with dense clouds and heavy sandstorms, should not be built.

Breeding and moulting are closely related to the photoperiod, and the amplitude of photoperiod changes is related to geographic latitude. Therefore, the local latitude must be taken into consideration when building the site. Judging from the production situation over the years, it is not suitable for the development of mink breeding industry in the area south of 30 degrees north latitude. Since breeding performance is suppressed at low latitudes, production performance and fur quality will decline year by year.

Site planning and layout

After the site is selected, the overall planning and design of all parts of the market should be carried out before the start of the construction of the site, so as to rationalize the layout of various buildings on the site.

The mink field is generally divided into three functional areas: the production area (including the shed, feed storage room, feed processing room, etc.), the management area (including the buildings related to the operation and management, the employees' welfare buildings and equipment, etc.). ) and epidemic management areas (including veterinary rooms, isolation rooms, etc.).

According to the terrain and the main wind direction for reasonable division. Employees' living quarters (residential sites) shall occupy the site with higher winds and higher ground; followed by management areas; production areas shall be located in the lower and lower parts of these areas, but higher than the epidemic prevention and management areas, and be in the upwind direction. . The production area is kept at a distance of 100 meters from the life and management area, and the production area and the disease management area are maintained at a distance of 200 meters. The domestic sewage in the living area and the management area shall not flow into the production area.

Management area

The operation and management activities of Minamata Farm are closely related to society. Therefore, during the planning, the location of the district should be determined by effectively utilizing the original roads and transmission lines, and fully considering the supply of feed and other production materials, sales of products, and the contact with residential areas. Supply and marketing of the market for the production and sale of goods and social contacts are frequent, resulting in more opportunities for transmission of Phytophthora, so off-site transportation should be strictly separated from on-site transportation. Vehicles that are managed off-site are strictly prohibited from entering the production area, and the garage should be located in the management area. In addition to the feed bank, other warehouses must be located in the management area. Management areas and production areas should be isolated. Outsiders can only operate in the management area and cannot enter the production area.

Production area

It is the focus of the whole work, large-scale district planning and construction. In order to ensure the safety of epidemic prevention, it is necessary to separate the species and pelicans, set up in different locations, and provide management in different areas.

Buildings related to feed should be placed on high ground and should ensure sanitation and safety. The amount of berm grass in the market is large, and the stacking position is set in the downwind direction of the production area. The safety of fire protection must be considered and the distance to other buildings is 60 meters.

The establishment of the storage fecal site should facilitate the transport of earthworm excreta and pay attention to reducing the environmental pollution.

Epidemic management area

In order to prevent the spread of the epidemic, the area should be located in the lower areas of the production area and the lower ground, and maintain a distance of 300 meters from the shed. The disease isolation chamber should be set up with separate walls, passages and entrances and exits. Wastewater and waste in this area should be strictly treated to prevent the spread of the disease and the pollution to the environment.

The main construction and equipment of the market

The main buildings and equipment in the breeding farm include sheds, storks and chambers (boxes), feed storage rooms, feed processing rooms, fur processing rooms, veterinary rooms, and laboratories.

Shed

The shed is an easy-to-use structure for placing cages on water, which shelters rain and snow and prevents sun exposure. The structure is simple, requiring only sheds, sheds and roofs, and no four walls are required. Canopies can be made of asbestos tiles, steel bars, cement, wood and other materials. According to the local conditions, local materials and flexible design were built. In short, it is necessary to make the sheds not only meet the biological characteristics of the otters, but also be sturdy and durable and easy to operate.

The specifications of the sheds are usually 25 to 50 meters long, 3.5 to 4 meters wide, 3.5 to 4 meters long, and 1.4 to 1.7 meters high. This requires that the sun not shoot directly into the cage.

The sheds are generally high-narrow, with two rows of cages. It is also possible to increase the span by an appropriate amount of about 8 meters. The shed and the pelicans are used in combination with a shed (two cultivators and two cultivars).

Cage cages and cabs

Cage cages and chambers are places for leeches activities, feeding, defecation, mating, birthing, and breastfeeding. Welded wire nets are used to make cages that are sturdy and durable, and beautiful.

The specification of cages and chambers: The length, width and height of the cage (below) is 600 mm, 450 mm and 400 mm. The cage is 600 mm, 350 mm and 400 mm.

The den (litter box) is a place where the otters rest and give birth and breastfeed, made of 15 mm to 20 mm thick wood. Specifications: The seed rake is 500mm 320mm 400mm, and the rake is 260mm 260mm 400mm

Otter cages come in many sizes and styles. A cage with an active partition type has a removable partition in the small room. In the non-breeding period, partitions are installed, and the chambers are divided into equal two small rooms. Each small room has a round entrance (10 cm to 12 cm in diameter) and two cages for feeding two otters. During the breeding period (pregnancy, childbirth and lactation period), remove the baffle, make it a room, and raise 1 house in two cages in one room. The entrances and exits of the breeding ponds should be a little higher (50 mm to 100 mm) from the bottom of the tank, and the opening must be installed so that they can be used for breeding and production inspection.

The placement of cages generally requires more than 40 cm from the ground, and the distance between cages and cages is 5 cm to 10 cm to avoid biting each other. The cage door should be flexible. Do not expose the nail head or wire head in the cage and nest to prevent damage to the skin. Where there is no automatic drinking device, there should be a drinking water box in the cage and be fixed on the inner side wall of the cage. In order to avoid flooding the food container, a food container holder should be placed inside the cage door.

Feed processing room

The feed processing room is a place for rinsing, cooking, and preparing feed. The room should have equipment or utensils for washing feeds, cooked feeds, including washing machines, meat grinders, and cooking pots. The indoor floor and surrounding walls shall be lightened (or paved and tiled) with cement and drains shall be provided to facilitate the cleaning, cleaning and draining of the sewage and keep it clean.

Feed storage room

The feed storage room includes a dry feed warehouse and a freezer. The dry feed room requires cool, dry, ventilated and no rodents. The freezer is mainly used to store fresh animal feed, and the storage temperature is controlled below -15°C. Small-scale farms or specialized households can build a simple cold room or buy a low-temperature freezer in the cool air.

Fur processing room

The fur processing room is used for stripping and initial processing. The processing room is equipped with peeling tables, oil scrapers, wash drums, and cages. The fur drying should be placed in a special drying room. The interior is equipped with an inspecting and cutting board. The surface of the cutting board is painted in light blue. The upper part of the cutting board is at a height of 70 cm from the surface of the board. Four 40-watt fluorescent tubes are installed, and the doors and windows are prepared. There are curtains and curtains to cover natural light when inspecting hides.

Veterinary room and comprehensive laboratory

The veterinarian's office is responsible for hygienic epidemic prevention and disease diagnosis and treatment in the market; the comprehensive laboratory is responsible for the quality evaluation of feed and toxicological analysis, and carries out related scientific research activities in conjunction with production.

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