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1. Gray mold Grey mold is the main disease in the cultivation of zucchini in greenhouses in winter and autumn and winter, and it is extremely harmful.
1, the main damage to the symptoms of young melon. The germs invade from the unsuccessful flower, grow a layer of gray mold, and invade the melon strip directly, causing the navel to become corrupted. The umbilical parts of the damaged melons turned yellow, softened, wilted and rot, and the diseased part had a gray mold layer. Stems and leaves can also be affected after contact with diseased melons. Large pieces of rot grow and have gray-green hairs. The symptoms of gray mold of squash gourd and cucurbits are similar in wet conditions and need to be detailed separately so as not to delay the timing of prevention and control.
2. The onset condition is caused by fungal infection. The temperature is 23°C and the relative humidity is more than 94%. Plant growth is weak, and low temperature and low illumination can aggravate the disease.
3. Comprehensive prevention and treatment of ridge cover, under-membrane under-irrigation, ventilation and dehumidification, reduce air humidity. Strengthen field management to prevent overgrowth and leggy growth of plants and cultivate robust plants. When hormones are attached to flowering, we add scoxol for prevention. At the beginning of the disease, spray 1 kg per mu with 10% quick-king dust, or 1500 times with 50% quick-inking WP. Once every 7 days, spray 3 to 4 times.
Second, powdery mildew
1, damage symptoms can be from the seedling stage to the harvest period. The main damage leaves, vines followed. In the early stage of disease, the leaf surface or the back of the leaf produces a white, round, white spot, and then develops into a contiguous white powder with indistinct edges. In severe cases, the whole leaf is covered with white powder, and the white powder becomes dark later in the disease.
2, the incidence of powdery mildew 10 ~ 25 °C can be the disease, 20 ~ 25 °C serious disease, plant leggy, extensive management, alternating high-temperature drought and high humidity can induce the disease.
3. Comprehensive prevention and control of scientific management, avoiding unevenness in dryness or dryness and humidity, cultivating robust plants, using 20% ​​triadimefon 2000 times, or 50% thiophanate-methyl 600 times, or 100% fungicides 100% for foliar Sprays can also be fumigated with chlorothalonil smoke or triadimefon.
Third, virus disease
1, the symptoms of the disease can be in the whole growth period of the zucchini, mainly damage leaves and fruits. After the leaves were damaged, they were systematically mosaiced or systematically mottled. The leaves of the severely diseased plants showed chicken claws with dark green spots. Fruit damage leads to malformed fruit, and the mask is bumpy and bumpy. Dwarf plants are short and have little or no results.
2. Disease conditions Virus diseases are caused by single or multiple infections of various viruses such as cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or melon mosaic virus (MMV). Infected by cotton aphid, peach aphid, or juice contact. High temperature and drought are conducive to disease. Extensive field management, weeds or adjacent wintering spinach, early sowing celery, lettuce and other planting fields, early onset and disease severity. Water shortage, lack of fertilizer, plant resistance is low, the incidence will increase. The incidence of common open field zucchini is heavier than that of protective field zucchini, and the protective field autumn squash zucchini is heavier than spring squash zucchini. High temperatures and droughts cause serious diseases.
3, integrated prevention and control such as promoting the use of protected cultivation, early sowing or planting, can effectively prevent the risk of viral diseases; eradication of weeds in the field to avoid overwintering vegetables, timely control of aphids to prevent aphid transmission; seedling spraying 83 100-fold increase of resistance agent to increase the resistance of seedlings to virus; spraying 20% ​​of virus A WP 500 times or 1.5% of phytopathogenic Ling emulsion 1000 times at the beginning of disease, once every 10 days , continuous prevention and treatment 2-3 times, have a certain effect.
Four, whitefly, whitefly, adult insect, 1.0-1.3 mm in length, covered with a layer of white wax powder on the surface of the body, hence the name. Adult colonies suck juice on the back of the leaves. Adults tend to have tenderness, and most of them are concentrated in the upper leaves of the squash and are damaged by dry leaves. The whitefly secretes honeydew on the surface of the leaves and fruits, induces coal contamination, impedes the photosynthesis and respiration of the leaves, and causes the leaves to wilt, causing the plants to die. Whitefly can also spread viral diseases.
Bemisia tabaci has a fast propagation rate and can complete 10 generations in one year in the greenhouse. It takes about 25 days to complete one generation at 26°C. Whitefly can not be allowed to overwinter in open field, and it will continue to breed in winter in greenhouses, and it will be turned into open field in summer. The most serious hazard is from August to September.
Prevention of Bemisia tabaci can take the following measures:
1. Before breeding, completely smoke and kill the remaining insects in the greenhouse, remove stubble weeds, install screens at the vents, eliminate migration of insects, and cultivate insect-free seedlings; fumigate before the greenhouse is planted; near the greenhouse, try to avoid planting melons in the fall. The whiteflour, such as genus, eggplant, beans, and other favorite vegetables are used to reduce whitefly migration to the greenhouse.
2. Using whitefly to have a strong tendency toward yellow color, the yellow plate is hung in the protected area in the early stage of whiteflies, and the oil is applied on the top of the row of plants to trap and kill adult insects.
3. Spray early at the low density of whitefly, once a week, 3 times in a row. Can choose 25% buprofezin WP 1500 times, 25% quebracho WP 1000 times, 2.5% kvitterin EC 2,000-3000 times, 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000- 3000 times liquid, 2.5% destroy Wang Xing EC 2000-3000 times liquid, 20% speed kill Ding EC 2000-3000 times liquid, spray evenly on the back of leaves.
Pest control of summer cucurbit in greenhouse
The zucchini has less pests and diseases. In the greenhouse cultivation, it mainly includes gray mold, powdery mildew, and virus diseases. The insect pests mainly include whiteflies and aphids.