Tenebrio box technique and feed formulation

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With the rapid development of special aquaculture, there is a growing demand for tenebrio as a live bait such as turtles, clams, frogs, clams and ornamental fish. Relying on the simple kind of potting techniques in the past, it has been unable to meet the needs of aquaculture production. Box-fed yellow mealworms are currently more advanced breeding methods and are suitable for medium and large-scale farming. Once this technique is mastered, Tenebrio reproduction and production are considerable. While introducing the technology of box-fed yellow mealworms, for the convenience of farmers, several feed formulas for feeding on mealworms are provided by the way for reference.
1. Commonly used equipment for boxing technology: Commonly used equipment includes mainly insect-repelling boxes, nesting boxes, and sieves.
The rearing boxes of insect-keeping boxes are generally made of squares, with a length of 0.6-1.0 m and a width of 0.3-0.5 m, and the bottom can be made of plywood or fiberboard. The inside of the box is smoothed with sandpaper and affixed with a wide tape paper for one week to flatten it to prevent the insects from fleeing.
The collection box is composed of a breeding box and an egg sieve. The inside should be smooth. In order to prevent adult insects from eating eggs, breeding adults are generally kept on the egg screen, and then the eggs are placed in a box to prevent the eggs from being harmed by adults, and the eggs, worms and other eggs are also reduced. Pollution.
Sieve sieves are used to screen out insect feces and isolate insects at different ages. In order to prevent insects from fleeing, there should also be a smooth belt on the inner side of the screen. Screens are usually made of 100 mesh, 60 mesh or 40 mesh ordinary iron screens.

2. Tenebrio in the breeding grounds do not require high breeding sites. As long as the interior can prevent rats, prevent birds, and prevent gecko, it can prevent direct sunlight and maintain relatively dark and well-ventilated houses. The best temperature in the summer can be controlled below 33°C. If production is required in winter, the temperature should still be able to maintain above 20°C. Otherwise, the insects can enter the winter dormancy state without heating. Place dry racks (or iron racks) inside the house, each wooden (or iron) frame is divided into 3 to 4 layers, each layer spacing 50cm.

3, insect species selection Excellent Tenebrio species life ability, do not picky eaters, fast growth, high feed utilization, so we should pay attention to insect species selection.
In the initial selection of insect species, it is best to purchase insect species cultivated or cultivated by a professional department, and then change the insect species every 2 to 3 generations. Select larvae for insect species should pay attention: 1) individual large, 3500 ~ 4000 / kg; 2) strong vigor, larvae crawl fast, strong response to light, like the dark. When the insects are placed on the palm of the hand, the crawling is rapid, and the leaves and the melon skin are quickly climbed to feed; 3) The body is robust, the body is full and full, the color is golden, the body surface is shiny, and the ventral surface is white. , body length is above 30mm.

4. Feeding and management feeding density Tenebrio are social insects. If the breeding density is too small, it will directly affect its activities and feeding; Therefore, the larval rearing density should generally be maintained at 3.5 to 6 kg/m2. The larger the individual larvae, the higher the room temperature, and the greater the humidity, the corresponding decrease in density. It is advisable to keep the adult density of reproduction between 5000 and 10000/m2.
Feeding larvae start feeding after hatching. When the feed of the collection box is basically finished (7 to 15 days), the new feed will be placed immediately after the worm is removed. Each feeding amount was 10% to 20% of the weight of insects, and the degree of eating was 3 to 5 days. After each 3 ~ 5d feeding 1 time. In addition to feed the general feed, when the larvae grow to 5mm, some vegetables, cabbage, cabbage, radish, watermelon rind, etc. can be put in an appropriate amount. During the larval larval stage, little or no juicy feed should be fed.
Screening of insect larvae generally requires worming once every 3 to 5 days. When sieving, the type of screen should be selected according to the size of the worm to avoid insects leaking. Before 3rd instar (1 time for 1st time of molting), it is generally used with 100 mesh screen, 3-8 mesh with 60 mesh screen, 10 instar with 40 mesh screen, and mature larvae with ordinary iron screen. It should be noted that before feeding the leaves and melons, insect excrements should be screened out to avoid rot, deterioration and pollution.
Larvae are separated from their larvae until they reach the age of 12 or more. They become larvae or adults. Should be separated in time. Delivery should be carried out before larvae are larvae or during fasting. The method is to illuminate the box with light. The young larvae are more lively and will soon enter the insect feces or feedstuffs. The old mature larvae 3 to 5 days before the larvae move slowly, even if they do not crawl, they stay on the surface. It can be easily collected.
The larvae isolated from the isolated larvae will emerge as adults after 5-8 days, and the first-emerged adults will bite the quail. Therefore, the adult eclosion should be separated from the pupa as soon as possible. During the separation, a piece of wet black cloth can be used to cover the top of the box. After 1~2 hours, most of the adults climb onto the black cloth. Move the black cloth to the collection box and remove the adult animal. It is also possible to put some larger leaves in the box, and the adult will quickly climb up to eat. At this time, the leaves are taken out, placed in the collection box to take off the adult, and repeated several times to separate the adults.
When egg-laying adults lay eggs, eggs can be collected through the gauze. At an air temperature of 24 to 34°C, 6 to 9 days, the eggs can be hatched as larvae.
5. Disease prevention and control Diseases should be comprehensively controlled during the breeding process. First, the selected worm body should have strong vitality, no disease and no injury; second, the feed should be free from worms and mildew, and the humidity should not be too large. It should be sun dried or sterilized before processing; third, the farm and equipment should be regularly Spray fungicide and acaricide. Fourth, pests or mildew should be dealt with in a timely manner in the breeding and should not be allowed to spread.

6, feed formula and processing feed formula 1: wheat bran 70%, corn flour 25%, soybean 4.5%, feeding complex vitamin 0.5%. This formula is suitable for feeding larvae.
Feed formulation II: wheat bran 75%, corn flour 15%, fishmeal 4%, food 4%, vitamin complex 0.8%, mixed salt 1.2%. This formula is suitable for adult spawning period, can extend the life of adult and increase the amount of eggs laid.
Feed formula 3: wheat bran 40%, corn bran 40%, bean cake 18%, multivitamin 0.5%, mixed salt 1.5%. This formula is suitable for feeding adults and larvae.
Feed formulation IV: pure wheat flour (wheat with poor quality and malt ground flour, containing bran) 95%, food 2%, royal jelly 0.2%, vitamin complex 0.4%, 2.4% for mixed salt. This formula is mainly used for feeding adult breeding and breeding.
In the winter, wheat bran alone can be used to feed or corn flour can be added.
High cellulose agroforestry by-products, such as sawdust, wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalks, leaves, etc., can be fed with tenebrio meal after fermentation.

Feed processing mix all kinds of feed ingredients and additives, and add 10% of clear water (multi-vitamin, mixed salt can be added into the water to stir), mix well and then dry for use.
If conditions permit, the feed can be processed into puffed granules. Small larvae have a feed particle size of 0.5 mm or less. Large larvae and adults feed particle size of 1 ~ 5mm. In addition, the hardness of the feed should also be suitable for feeding requirements of different ages, especially the feed of small larvae should be more soft.

Shilu Huanglian is mainly produced in the primeval forest area of Dafengpu, Huangshui National Forest Park, Huangshui Town, Shizhu County. The unique climate, water quality and soil conditions in this area are the best growth areas for Shiluo Huanglian. In 1991, the Ministry of Agriculture Investment in the establishment of the National Yellow River Huangpi GAP demonstration base, the town has also established China's largest Coptis market. Natural plant Raw materials Agricultural products are not any additives. Traditional Huanglian kang, baking with firewood, drying, hair removal with bamboo cage trough, the species are hand-selected, remove the impurities and minced, relatively clean.

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