Alfalfa prefers a warm and relatively dry climate and is very hardy. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 12-25°C, the seedlings are able to tolerate -7-7°C, the adult plants can tolerate-25°C, the optimum temperature for growth is 25-30°C, and it is suitable for cultivation in areas with an annual precipitation of 300-800mm. , High temperatures and excessive rainfall (over 1000mm) are detrimental to its growth. Continued high temperature and humidity or accumulation of water can cause root rot and affect normal plant growth. You Xiguang, with sufficient sunlight, can grow well.

1. The choice of plots

The most suitable soil for sowing alfalfa is sandy clay soil, loam soil, and calcareous soil. Do not choose too sandy and poor soil. The soil layer requires deep soil. The lower layer of soil requires no hard disk layer as a barrier, or soil depth is at least 1 meter. The soil pH is required to be between 6.3-7.5, not less than 6.0 and preferably not more than 8.2. The waterlogging is extremely scarce, and 24 hours of continuous flooding means a large number of deaths. The rainy season in Shunyi District is concentrated (July and August). Therefore, it is required that the land be well drained, and the water can be rapidly removed from the soil during the rainy season.

2. Land preparation requirements

Planting the land for land preparation requires land: the field is flat and there is no dead land, the soil must reach the upper level, and the soil in the field cannot exceed 3 cm. The specific requirements are: heavy fertilization - arable land - dip diagonally (more than 2 times) - sowing.

3. Production management measures

3.1 sowing

3.1.1 Variety selection

In order to obtain high-yield, high-quality forages, we should select high-yield, drought-resistant grades (3-4 grades only), fast regenerating grasses, and strong pest-resistant varieties based on the unique geological and climatic conditions in Shunyi. The varieties suitable for planting in our district include CW400, CW300 and CW502.

3.1.2 Seed Processing

The rhizobia should be inoculated before sowing of the plots without vegetation. Note that the seeds after inoculation are not immediately sowed and should be re-inoculated after 3 months.

3.1.3 seeding rate

The optimal seeding rate for suitable planting in Shunyi is 0.8-1.2kg/mu. According to site preparation conditions, geological conditions, and actual production management, it is recommended that the planting rate should be 1.2 kg/mu or more.

3.1.4 sowing time

You can sow all year round. Spring sowing can be planted at the end of February and early March; summer sowing is from June to July, but weeds are more, weeding should be noted; autumn sowing, sowing before August-September 15th. Autumn sowing is best. It requires a long root before winter, a certain amount of photosynthetic products stored in the root, after the emergence to the next frost should have 40 days of growth, there are 3-4 true leaves; winter sowing seeds, usually in November Late.

3.1.5 sowing method

Shunyi District sowed by sowing.

3.1.6 broadcast depth

Seeds must be exposed to earthworms. The depth of sowing is generally 1 to 1.5 cm.

3.1.7 Base fertilizer

Before sowing, special fertilizer for pasture was used as the base fertilizer. Based on the soil fertility level, the amount of basic fertilizer was determined. Under low and medium fertility levels, 50 kg/mu was applied; under high fertility conditions, 40 kg/mu was applied.

3.1.8 Post-broadcast Management

After sowing, it should be watered in time. Because the seedlings are sown shallowly, the soil surface is easy to dry. After sowing, the seedlings must be poured 3-4 times. When watering, pay attention to the quality of sprinkler irrigation to avoid the water droplets being too large to expose the seeds.

3.2 Field Management

3.2.1 Irrigation

Large amounts of water are needed for irrigation, and irrigation is an important measure for achieving high yields. In order to ensure uniform moisture, there is no accumulation of water so watering must use sprinkler irrigation. The specific irrigation time is as follows: 1 Watering the seedlings, at least 3-4 times. 2 Watering in time after each castration. Remember: I am afraid of water, the water should not be too large, the best control in 2-3 hours. The middle and late seedlings have grown strong and their ability to fight drought has increased. To prevent root leaf decay, water should not be watered during this period. 3 frozen water is conducive to safe wintering, watering time is controlled in 6-8 hours. 4 The earlier the watering in the green period is, the better. After investigation, watering in late February will reduce the rate of dead seedlings and provide sufficient water for the return of greenery. Watering in late March and early April will not be conducive to turning greens. Don't water at this stage.

3.2.2 Fertilization Management

According to the soil texture, soil fertility, available nitrogen and phosphorus ratio in the soil, and plant determination results to determine whether the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Under normal circumstances, topdressing each phosphorus phosphorus 3-4 kg, 7-8 kg of potassium oxide, top dressing should be combined with irrigation after harvest. Wasteland cultivation requires no potassium. After many years of cultivation, lime should be added to supplement calcium. Applying about 3 kg/mu of sulphur will ensure your life needs. Pay attention to appropriate amounts of trace fertilizers such as molybdenum, boron, and magnesium.

3.2.3 Pest Control

Diseases of alfalfa include sclerotia, anthracnose, virus disease, and leaf spot. Pests include thrips, aphids, whiteflies, beet armyworms, cotton bollworms, and large bridges.

Principles of prevention and control: Prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control, priority is given to physical control and biological control, and scientific and rational use of the principle of harmless control of chemical control to achieve the goal of safe production.

3.2.4 Control of Weeds

There are many types of weeds in alfalfa fields, such as amaranthus retroflexus, iron amaranth, sow wormwood, leeks, crabgrass, valerian, eucalyptus, ramie, and so on.

Chemical weeding is divided into pre-emergence soil treatment and post-emergence stem and leaf treatment. Pu Shi, Kenai Si, Kucao Qing, and leisure can be used.

3.3 Harvest

3.3.1 Harvest period

From the point of view of regeneration, yield, quality, etc., the best harvest period is the early flowering period. The method of determining the early flowering period: 40 stolons were randomly selected and there were 1-2 flowers for the early flowering period. However, in actual production, most of them began to harvest from the budding stage.

3.3.2 Harvest System

Shunyi District can receive 4 to 5 miles a year, the first harvest in mid-May, the second yarrow concentrate in the harvest in late June, the third harvest in mid-August, and the fourth harvest in mid-September, the management of positive The plot can be harvested in mid-to-late October. After trials, the last cropping should be about 40 days from the wintering period. If it is not guaranteed that there will be sufficient growth period from the harvest to the wintering period, the harvest period should be appropriately delayed. Winter is good. It is best to confirm budding harvest every year. After three years of investigation, Shunyi District harvested a percentage of the total output of the four crops 36:24:24:16 (this ratio is for reference only).

3.4 Rotation system

Alfalfa is generally high in the first 5 years. After five years of planting, the soil has been improved. It is better to grow cereal crops. The wheat can be increased continuously for three years, and the increase rate is 10-20%.

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