Liaocheng Botanical Garden is a high-tech ecological sightseeing agricultural park mainly composed of aquatic plants. It contains more than 200 kinds of famous lotus varieties. After observing the park, it has been discovered that the pests and diseases that are more harmful to the growth of lotus in the process are mainly the following: First, the disease 1. Black spot disease: mainly damage leaves. At the beginning of the disease, yellowish chlorotic lesions appear on the leaves, round or irregularly shaped at the late stage, brownish and rimmed, with sometimes yellow-green halos on the edges, and on the upper layer of black mold, 5 to 15 mm in diameter. In severe cases, the lesions were even in pieces, with the exception of leaf veins, the whole leaves were yellow. The disease is caused by fungi. The rainy season occurs seriously. The lotus ponds or potted plants are used continuously, and under conditions where nitrogen fertilizer is applied excessively or the water temperature is too high in summer, the diseases are very serious. Control methods: Strengthen cultivation management and remove diseased leaves in time. Plants with more severe disease need to be replaced with new soil and planted again without nitrogenous fertilizer. At the time of onset, 75% of chlorothalonil 600 to 800 times can be sprayed to prevent and treat. 2. Brown spot: Major damage to lotus leaves. A round spot with a diameter of 0.5 to 8 mm appeared on the diseased leaf, showing a light brown to yellowish brown color with a darker edge. At the late stage of the disease, many black mold spots were produced on the lesions. It is more severe in the autumn and rainy season. Most of the bacteria overwinter on the remnants. Control methods: Remove residual leaves, reduce the source of the disease. Severe disease can be sprayed with 50% of carbendazim 500 times, or with 80% of dexamethasone 500 ~ 800 times for control. 3. Rot disease: mainly damage leaves, pedicels and lotus roots. When the leaves are damaged, green and blue spots (blocks) are initially generated along the leaf edges. The lesions spread to the leaves in the near future. Finally, the entire leaves turn brown and necrotic. When the pedicel occurs, it turns brown along the stomatal line and sag. Lotus root disease, first turned brown, gradually turning to the whip, vertical necrosis, but also can be seen in the sick section grows white filaments or pink powder heap. The disease is usually affected by continuous cropping and when the soil is barren, the disease is severe. If the leaves are often exposed to water, they are also susceptible to disease. Control methods: Appropriate fertilization, pay attention to the water should not be too high, so as not to soak the leaves and cause the disease. When the dark spots on the leaves were found, the diseased leaves were removed as early as possible. However, the connection between the leaves and the petiole needs to be preserved to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the body from petiole wounds. Spray 50% of carbendazim 500 times, or 50% of Phytophthora net 500 times to control. Second, pests 1. Locust: Generally, the floating leaves and small leaves that harm lotus in the beginning of May are often harmed, such as leaf buds, flower buds, and leaf backs. The larvae and the adult clusters suck and suck juice, which endangers the end of spring and autumn. Control methods: available 20% cypermethrin 2000 times. 2. Cockroaches moth: the main damage to the leaves, in serious cases, the back of the lotus leaf can be hung up twenty or thirty, they will eat the old and new lotus leaves, and even eaten all. Control methods: can be used to capture the removal of governance, timely removal of diseased leaves. With 90% of the trichlorfon 1500 to 2000 times plus 800 times spores killed. Remove weeds from the field and disinfect it. 3. Prickly pear moths and brown moths (commonly known as the larvae): They are mainly larvae that damage the leaves. It is generally hazardous from mid-June to September. Control methods: Exterminate the leaves and burn them. Killed with 90% trichlorfon 800 to 1000 fluids, or 2.5% enemy killed 3000 times. 4. Hydra (grass): The larvae suck juice on the stem sections and roots of the lotus, causing the diseased leaves to turn yellow. Control methods: generally available lime to drive. Sprinkle 10 to 15 kg per 667 square meters (1 mu), but not excessive. 5. lotus root lotus root: also known as lotus lotus root lotus root. The main damage lotus, water lily, Typha, etc., so that poor plant growth, reduced buds, poor flower quality and even flowering. Control methods: Use 50% extermination of loquat EC 1000 times solution for spraying, or spray 50% of disulfuron EC 2000 times, the drug is less toxic to fish. For the control of aphids on aquatic plants, special attention should be paid to the use of pesticides, as many pesticides are very toxic to fish. 6. Spodoptera litura: also known as Lotus Moth, Twill Night Thief. The primordial larvae clustered on the backs of the leaves and only left the epidermis and veins. The damaged leaves looked like screens. Dispersion hazards after 3rd instar, the leaves will be eaten as nicks, the leaves will be eaten for a long time, and even the young stalks will be eaten. When the larvae eat out of a field, the larvae can migrate in groups to harm the neighboring fields. Control methods: domestic Bt emulsion or insecticidal liquid No.6 500 to 800 times liquid spray; phoxim 50% EC 1000 times, or deltamethrin 2.5% EC 3000 times, or 21% killing Emulsion 4000 times sprayed. 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