White jade snail breeding technology Introduction Zhejiang ★ Jinhua Fucheng Baichun Snail Development Research Institute
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Chapter One: Characteristics of White Jade Snails
1. Reproduction and Development White jade snails are hermaphrodites and allogeneic mating. When the month is more than eight months old, the individuals mature when they grow to about forty grams. Most snails are conducted in a double mating manner.
Mating time, usually in the faint or night, there are a few during the day, each mating time is as few as tens of minutes, more than a few hours, about half a month after mating began to spawn, stop eating before labor, Select the place of production, under normal circumstances will head into the feeding soil, the eggs discharged one by one, white jade snail eggs oval shape, milky white or light yellow, shiny, each type of snail egg production four times a year, the number of eggs Gradually increase, the average of more than one hundred and fifty tablets each time.
2. Habitat habits Drilling earth inhabits, day and night out, white jade snails are good at drilling in the earth to inhabit, the main purpose is to absorb nutrients, organic matter, calcium, the second is to adjust the body's moisture and temperature and humidity, the third is to prevent predators The fourth is spawning. Under normal circumstances, the white jade snail is very afraid of direct sunlight, and is particularly sensitive to the light. Its visibility under weak light is 6 to 7 cm, while its visibility under strong light is less than 1 cm. Therefore, white jade snails usually come out to feed during the night, and they usually stay on during the day.
3, hi temperature and humidity, eating habits due to genetic factors, in the hot night, white jade snail activity is very strong, it is very sensitive to temperature and humidity, like high temperature and humidity, dark and humid, especially after the rain weather, activities are more When it is active in winter, the white jade snail can still grow normally. White jade snails are omnivorous animals. They are generally dominated by green plants. They especially prefer the leaves of succulent melons and green plants. However, in the hungry state, they also eat each other. In addition: white jade snails do not like to eat food with stimulating odor, while snails are most afraid of salt and salty foods. White jade snails have particularly strong vitality. Artificially cultivated snails generally do not feed water and food for two months.
Chapter II: Cultivation Techniques of White Jade Snails
1. Preparation before Breeding The snail is a wild animal in the natural world. The white jade snail is made by mankind through long-term repeated improvement, screening, and cultivation. Therefore, in the artificial breeding process, we must simulate the snail as closely as possible. The environment of growth and reproduction allows it to grow healthily and quickly in the artificially created environment.
2. Choice of site and breeding methods Outdoor breeding saves time and labor, shortens growth cycle, and improves economic efficiency. It should be vigorously promoted wild stocking; choose dark and humid, back wind and dark light, loose soil, well-drained, relatively quiet site. Build a fence around the fence, and arrange all kinds of debris for the snails (preferably planted with green feed or vegetables in advance) to form an artificial green vegetation for snails. Dig up the drainage ditch and put into the snails. Usually about one acre. Five thousand breeding screw species can be placed for mating, spawning, hatching, and growing. Sprinkling water several times a day in the afternoon and mid-afternoon. If conditions permit, it is best to install the pipe network and the universal sprinkler. It can ensure that the snail's humidity needs to reduce labor intensity and the quality of watering is also good. In addition! Snails are a kind of crawling animals in a dark, moist environment. In the wild or in the field cultivation process, we must always pay attention to avoiding the escape. We can arrange a small mesh of green plastic to prevent fleeing from the net. We dig the ditch around the inside of the net and make it accumulate water. This will not only moisturize but also prevent escape. The effect is very good. Secondly, we should do a good job of shading facilities to prevent sun exposure. This is also a good measure to prevent flight. In short! The living habit of white jade snails is “high temperature, high humidity, dark and moistâ€, and attention should be paid to creating a higher temperature, humidity, and relatively quiet environment as much as possible. When the average temperature on the day is lower than 18 degrees and the humidity is lower than 70%, Pay close attention to changes in temperature and humidity. The average growth cycle of the finished snails (including the wintering period) from the hatching of young snails to the finished products (taking 35 g/only as an example) takes about 6 months, while the field stocking takes less than five months Close listing.
When breeding indoors, cushioned tank cement tanks or wooden boxes are placed inside the house for stocking. In addition! You can also use greenhouses, open spaces behind houses, tunnels, basements, air-raid shelters, caves, and other civil defense aquaculture. In general, for beginners, since various aspects are still in the exploratory stage, we believe that it is generally more appropriate to stock wooden boxes. Here are some highlights of how to make a wooden terrarium:
The size of the breeding box can be determined according to the area of ​​the breeding room. The height of the terrarium should be 20 to 25, 60 and 45 centimeters wide. The thickness of the plate is 1.2 centimeters. It is best to use a fir board or other old wood. Breathable and observation sprinkler. The terrarium for stocking small snails should be made tight to prevent escape.
3, the choice of feeding soil selection humus is relatively rich and loose sandy garden soil, to prevent the use of ant activity or freshly applied chemical fertilizers and pesticides of vegetable garden soil for grazing, the remaining plough soil is best exposed, carried out Insecticide treatment.
4, the choice of species of snails choose to adapt to strong, relatively dark shell color, size is moderate (usually about 40 grams), white flesh, full and heavy, responsive snail species.
5, how to promote the white jade snail mating oviposition under normal circumstances, species of snail eggs four times a year, an average of about 150 tablets each time, but! Some white jade snail breeding households have normal breeding methods, and the species snails grow very robustly, but they are not willing to mating and spawning. The reason is mainly that the snail's gonads are inhibited and did not promote their developmental estrus. The technical requirements that will prompt their mating and spawning are summarized as follows: 1. Increase the proportion of animal feeds and mineral feeds with high protein content. According to the experience of some farmers, the proportion of concentrates used to produce snails is: rice bran 40%, bran or corn flour 30%, soybean pod 13%, dried yeast 2%, fishmeal 5%, shell powder 10%, if available , May also be appropriate to add methionine, lysine, which has a great benefit to promote their gonad development. 2, appropriate increase in light. It is often said that white jade snails have a light and dark light habit. In fact, white jade snails need a certain amount of light for their life, growth and reproduction. The species of snails, if kept in a dark environment for a long period of time, will greatly inhibit their mating and spawning. Therefore, white jade snails should not be kept in a long-term dark environment. They should be kept on light for 10 hours each day. Red light is better. Generally, a 25-watt red light bulb can be installed in a 30-square-meter room. Stimulates and promotes the development and maturation of the gonads in the snails. 3, increase the stocking density. When breeding in indoor terrariums, the stocking density is preferably about 200 per square. Snails have a high spawn rate and can produce one-third of the weight of eggs, so! Snails are prone to collapse after spawning. At this time, if the temperature and humidity are poor or are not properly managed, the snails can easily cause death. Under normal circumstances, the death rate of 10% is still considered normal.
6, white jade snail egg hatching mother snails lay eggs, because the surface of the egg has a protective film, so can not directly touch the snail eggs by hand, use dry eggs in a timely manner to collect, into the incubator, incubator The specification is 50 times 25 times 10 centimeters. It is better to use old fir, put 1 centimeter of feeding soil on the bottom of the box, then put snail eggs, cover about 1 centimeter of feeding soil, and then spray water every day ( Fog) twice. In this way, about 25 days or so, the temperature is about 12 days. The higher the temperature is, the shorter the incubation time is. After the young snail hatches, use a small spoon to pull it out and feed it into the terrarium.
7. Feeding and Management of Feed White jade snails have a wide and mixed diet, and are omnivorous animals. Commonly used green feeds include vegetables containing large amounts of chlorophyll and various proteins, minerals and vitamins, certain leaves, aquatic plants, and many more. The stems and leaves of leafy crops, such as cabbage, lettuce, cabbage, loofah, beans, various fruits, and leaves of tannins, are good feed for snails. At the same time, you can also choose some good palatability such as: corn flour, rice bran, and other concentrate feeds or appropriate amounts of chickens, piglets, etc., and stir the feed to a semi-humid water, and in the cultured soil, It is particularly important to add old slaked lime so that it can be supplemented with adequate amounts of calcium, especially snails. In the winter season, the amount of white jade snails did not decrease, so long as the quality of the foodstuffs was properly increased, they could grow and live normally during the incubation period. At the same time, it is also necessary to ensure that nutrition is comprehensive. Do not feed a single feed for a long period of time. Interchange a snail-like green feed for a period of time. Do a variety of feed mix preparation. Persist in removing residual feces every other day and clean the floor. In addition! Before the young snail grows to the size of a bowl of beans, it is not necessary to feed the concentrate, and it should be fed properly! otherwise! The garden of your snail will be fat, and the individuals are not ideal. The premature sexual maturity leads to deterioration of quality. When the feed is fed, the green feed can be laid directly on the surface of the feed soil, and then the prepared concentrate feed can be evenly sprinkled on the green feed and sprayed with moisture.
8, the stocking density of various specifications snail Baiyu snails stocking density can be based on the temperature and its weight gain, timely and appropriate adjustment, the finished product or semi-finished snails stocking density grows faster the faster, the opposite: species of snails stocking The density is higher to promote the development of gonads and thus facilitate mating. The general stocking densities were as follows: one or two months old snails were about 1,000 per square, three months old snails were about 500 per square, four months old snails were about 300 per square, and five month old snails were about two hundred.
9, how to grasp the temperature white jade snail best growth temperature of 22 to 30 degrees, within 18 degrees will gradually stop eating, part of the snail within 15 degrees will enter the semi-hibernating state and may cause freezing damage to it, a small amount of open air snail above 35 degrees summer Will be in a state of hibernation, at this time they should be sprinkled with water, increase the humidity, reduce the temperature; therefore; conditions where the shade net should be used to block the sun, to avoid exposure, otherwise: easy to make the snail due to high temperature exposure caused dehydration shrink shell.
Which kinds of insulation methods are commonly used? (1) Method of ground insulation: Drill a 25-cm square hole at the base of the wall, build a wood stove, and then lay two branches 30 cm high and 24 cm wide. The two bricks and ground dragons with the same horizontal orientation are concealed below the surface of the breeding frame. At the other end of the wall, the two ground dragons meet to form an exit. The exhaust gas is discharged from the smokestack. As long as the firewood does not go out during the day and night, the room temperature can be maintained between 25-30 degrees. In the vicinity of the stove's faucet, more water should be sprayed to regulate the indoor air temperature and humidity, and to reduce the high temperature at the ground. (2) Plastic greenhouse insulation method: The scale of this method can be varied. In the leeward sunny area, a greenhouse is constructed with double transparent plastic film, and the ground temperature and solar radiation are used to assist in heat preservation. This method is applicable to the south and uses greenhouse insulation in the winter. Three-dimensional breeding of snails also need auxiliary heating, heating methods are flexible, with fixed, mobile two simple insulation facilities can be. (3) Insulation method for tunnels: On the eve of wintering, the snails will be transferred to the basement, air-raid shelters, caves, and other civil air defense aquaculture can effectively save energy, and they can also choose outdoor leeward locations or use terrain and solar energy to reconstruct the tunnels. Insulation room, this use of ground temperature method also requires other insulation methods. (4) Wood chip and coal stove insulation method: The two kinds of fuel furnace exhaust pipes are made of tin sheet, the pipe diameter is 20-25 cm, and the end of the three-core coal stove exhaust pipe is 6-7 cm. The end of the exhaust pipe is 2.5 centimeters. The exhaust pipe is curved along with the indoor passage and extends out of the room to discharge the exhaust gas to facilitate the accumulation of heat and purify the indoor air. The general indoor area of ​​the insulation room is preferably a single room of 20 square meters. A variety of three-dimensional box-type containers or wooden boxes are prepared indoors, and 4-5 cm of sandy soil or vegetable garden soil is placed inside the box for snail life.
Generally, a 20-square-meter house can be finished with about 10,000 white jade snails. The entire heat preservation period is suitable from mid-November to mid-April of next year, which takes 5 months.
Note: The exhaust gas generated from the heat source and the thermal insulation equipment is toxic, and must be observed during the winter insulation period.
10, how to grasp the humidity white jade snail is a "terrestrial shellfish" animals, although not like snails living in water, but also need to have a high degree of humidity and soil moisture, requiring spray water once a day, and to maintain the mother Screw box ventilation, especially in the high temperature during the summer, we must pay attention to the timely spray of water, humidity is not easy enough to cause the summer still to dehydrate shrink shell, stop growing. White jade snails are very sensitive to humidity. The level of humidity, like temperature, directly affects its growth rate. It is very important to have a good grasp of the humidity. So, how good is the humidity? In general, the relative humidity in the environment should be controlled at about 85%, and the humidity in the soil should be about 30%. However, the above-mentioned standard theoretical humidity is difficult to hold. We may wish to use the lessons learned in practice, namely: Taking cultivating soil as an example, hand-kneading it into groups and throwing it away into sand, we referred to it as "pinch into a group and sprinkle it into sand." Basically, there is no dry cracking and water is squeezed out as appropriate. If the shell is white and the soil is dry, the humidity is too low and the shell is obviously moistened. In addition! Keep loose soil in the rearing soil. Normally, it is required to change the soil every month. In short! Cultured white jade snails should follow the high temperature, high humidity, high calcium abbreviation "three high" farming mode!
Chapter III, Other Precautions, and Collection of White Jade Snails
1, how to prevent predators, diseases, some of the current introducers to listen to bias, unrealistically introduced a large number of one-time, because the breeding technology did not hold it well, in the future management, due to the emergence of such Problems have often arisen because of the failure of breeding. Before deciding to engage in white jade snail breeding, there are generally many companies that have visited and ran several visits, and they are also looking for farmers to understand the situation, conduct breeding technology demonstrations and price comparisons, and even take each one to a place. Several samples were returned, but they did not know that because of this, it was very easy to cause cross-infection of the virus. Because it was a late virus infection, the post-natal hatching rate was still normal, but the survival rate was extremely low. The morbid snail manifests itself as: in the normal active period, it is in a dormant, semi-dormant state, and can not resume normal feeding after rinsing with clean water. As such, there is currently no effective drug eradication. In addition, other factors that cause snails are: First, serious pollution of the feeding site; Second, dry humidity is severely improper; Third, abrupt climate change; Fourth, stocking density is too high; Fifth, the lack of law and food feeding materials Feed mildew. Only when the temperature is suitable, the wild will be reared in the wild to restore self-cultivation, and it will only return to normal after a period of ecological cultivation. therefore! It is strongly recommended that farmers should attach great importance to this issue, that is, they must conduct long inspections and avoid touching them. The breeding units should also remind the surveyors to eliminate the occurrence of such situations from the source. The special aquaculture experts pay attention to a " Special words, planned epidemic prevention are indispensable. In addition, it is necessary to introduce the “kind of eagerness†psychology of giving away the fast-growing wealth to the cultivators. It is necessary to be realistic and develop steadily. It is better to purchase a small amount of snails before they enter the door and then roll forward. In addition! When white snails are stocked in the open air, all kinds of birds, frogs, snakes, mice and ants are the natural enemies of snails, and they will do a good job in prevention. Rats and snakes like to eat snails, poultry and frogs like to eat. Young snails and even snail eggs, ants like to eat snail mucus, so! Prevention of enemies like heat preservation and moisturizing is also indispensable. It will cause great attention, otherwise! It will also cause great losses.
2, timely harvest When the white jade snail grows to more than 35 grams, will gradually enter the sexual maturity period, and after mating and spawning, the appearance and fleshy taste of the snail will be affected, generally 25-30 per kg of white jade snail Good, especially for the production of canned snails, processed snail meat or snails, and timely harvesting is particularly important.
Unit: Fuchun Baiyu Snail Development Institute, Licheng District, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Telephone/Fax Website: http://
Contact: Zheng Fuchun