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Causes and Countermeasures of Common Physiological Diseases of Cucumber in Protected Field
Physiological diseases are non-infectious diseases caused by factors such as adverse environmental conditions, malnutrition, and toxic substances. Such diseases do not infect each Other. Under normal circumstances, no further development occurs when the pathogenic factors disappear. The following describes the causes and countermeasures of several common physiological diseases of cucumber in protected areas for reference. First, sharp-shouldered melon symptoms melon strips did not grow into a commodity melon, melon's top to stop growing, forming a thin tip. Insufficient illumination in the northern part of the greenhouse, low temperature difference between day and night, excessive density, poor light transmission, insufficient supply of fertilizer and water when the melon strips are swollen, weak plant growth, small leaves, yellow leaves, depressed growth points, and damage to the root system; late plant growth The performance of aging, or the risk of pests, or even cloudy days; a leaf section grow more than melons, grow weakly prone to sharp mouth melon. Prevention and control methods Strengthen water and fertilizer management, increase organic fertilizers, apply thermal fertilizers such as horse dung, increase soil water supply and fertilizer supply capacity, prevent premature plant failure, reasonably build greenhouses, use high-efficiency drop-free film, increase translucency Degree; reasonable dense planting to ensure that each plant has adequate nutrition and growth space; to do a good job of pest control work to prevent plants from suffering from pests and diseases. Second, the symptoms of melons, melons, the growth of the base and middle parts of the melon, the top of the melon hypertrophy. When the melon cells expanded, the temperature was high, the moisture was high, the roots had strong absorption capacity, and the watering was excessive and uneven. Prevention and control methods Watered in proper amount in time to control temperature and avoid large temperature difference. Third, the thin waist melon symptoms melon in the waist part of the thin, both ends more fat. The cause of the disease is in the rear of the greenhouse, with weak light during the day, high temperature at night, low temperature difference between day and night, insufficient supply of potassium, and lack of boron in the plants. Prevention methods: Hang reflective film, enhance photosynthesis, increase material accumulation; increase application of Trace Element fertilizer, Mushi 1 kg of borax as base fertilizer; Mushi potassium sulfate 15 kg or spray 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; re-decompose decomposed organic Fertilizer, Mushi more than 5,000 kg. 4. Symptoms of Curved Melon During the process of plant growth, the melon strips gradually became curved, and more occurred in the initial and final ear. Cause of lack of light, malnutrition, improper management of temperature and moisture. High temperature, low temperature, temperature difference between day and night is too large or too small to occur. In addition, juvenile fruit is shaded or clipped by racks and vines to form curved melons. Prevention and control methods Do a good job of temperature, humidity, light and water and fertilizer management, to avoid too high temperature is too low, the temperature difference is too small. Fifth, the symptoms of bitter melon The accumulation of bittersin in cucumber caused too much bitter taste can not be eaten. Cause excess nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer deficiency, especially a one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer, prone to bitter melon; cucumber nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption basically follow the ratio of 5:2:6, otherwise there will be unbalanced birth, Causes leggy, or the appearance of malocclusion, prone to bitter melons on lateral branches; overly high temperatures, above 32°C, weakened assimilation ability, excessive loss, malnutrition; soil is too dry; cloudy, less sunlight, Low temperature, moisture nutrient absorption is inhibited, easy to form bitter melon; there is a certain relationship with the species. Prevention methods Formula fertilization, so that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with a reasonable match; timely watering, to prevent drought; control the temperature, to avoid the emergence of high temperature, low temperature; cloudy light is insufficient to add light, you can start the wall painted white, hanging reflective film, reflective Mirrors and other measures; selection of varieties that do not produce bitter melons. For the above-mentioned malformed melons and bitter melons, they were removed immediately after discovery, and then management was strengthened to promote plant growth and development. Six, melons, symptoms of melons grow to 2-5 cm long, stop growing, wilting. Causes of cloudy days, weak light, excessive density, poor light transmission, weakened photosynthesis, insufficient accumulation of nutrients, and melons; insufficient water and fertilizer, unreasonable fertilizer ratio, imperfections in plant growth and development, malnutrition, and malnutrition Nutrients produce malaria due to competition for nutrition among melon strips; daytime temperatures are higher than 32°C, night temperatures are higher than 18°C, photosynthesis is blocked, Respiratory consumption is increased dramatically, resulting in malnutrition; dysplasia of female flowers at high or low temperatures; Photosynthesis and root absorption capacity are affected at low temperature, resulting in malnutrition and melons; reduced carbon dioxide concentration, affect the photosynthetic cause of Pomelo; high night temperature, high humidity, excessive supply of nitrogen fertilizer cucumber longevity; the lower part of the plant melon harvesting is not Timely, it will absorb assimilation products in large quantities, and the supply of nutrients in the upper part of the plants is insufficient. Diseases and insect pests cause leaf necrosis and yellowing and affect photosynthesis, causing poor growth of cucumbers and causing melon. Control methods to control temperature, suitable for temperature and humidity during the day, control the temperature at 25°C-30°C, and about 15°C at night; close dense planting; when the temperature is cloudy at low temperature, foliar spray can be applied; proper ventilation can be used for carbon dioxide fertilization Promote the accumulation of assimilation substances, strengthen fertilizer and water management and pest control. 7. The growth point of the flower topping symptoms becomes a flower organ and no longer differentiates the leaves. After flowering, the melon strips stop growing. There are three situations: First, when the plants grow 10 to 22 leaves, the growing point shrinks, and 1-3 female flowers grow at the growing point, or 1 leaf buckles. At the growing point. The second is that the growth point is at a disadvantage, and the lower part of the 3-5 section of the stem is 2 to 2.5 cm in length, and 2 to 5 side vines grow under the armpit. The average length of the lateral branches is 6-8 cm. Third, the growing point gradually shrinks, near the dense leaflets, small female flowers appear between the leaves, the growth point in the high temperature and high humidity to restore growth, leaf sections continue to grow, but slow growth. Caused by soil drought, excessive fertilizer and lack of moisture caused by rooting, so that the fibrous roots died; plant type short, small leaves, aging, are prone to flowering; soil moisture, low temperature, low temperature and take root or root absorption capacity Decrease will cause flower topping phenomenon. Control methods to loosen soil in time, increase the temperature of the ground, and promote the development of new roots, such as the soil drought is light water top dressing, and then relax soil temperature and promote new roots. If the top bud and root system are seriously injured, the growth cannot be resumed. Only the diseased plant can be removed. Eight, leaf curling Symptoms of the upper leaves of the plant roll up, the color was brown. The temperature of the shed was too high, and the upper leaves of the plant suffered high-temperature burns. After the prevention and control measures were found, the temperature in the shed was checked immediately after the symptoms were detected, and the temperature was reduced by ventilation. The temperature was controlled at about 25°C. Nine, the root of the root cause symptoms of rot brown, not timely management can cause death. The cause of the disease is that the temperature of the ground is low and the temperature of the earth is low, the soil moisture content is high, the ventilation is not ventilated for a long time, the roots are deprived of oxygen, and the roots are damaged. Prevention and control methods: timely cultivating loose soil, increasing ground temperature and ventilation, reducing humidity and soil moisture in the greenhouse. X. Symptoms of drug-induced injury Symptoms of leaves appear colorful spots, local tissue scorch, perforation or shedding, or yellowing of leaves, greenish or thickened deformities. Etiological agent particles, directly obstructing leaf stomata, water holes, or entering tissue to block cell gaps, causing normal respiration, transpiration, and assimilation of the crop to be inhibited; chemicals entering a plant tissue or cell undergo chemical reaction with some inclusions The reaction causes normal physiological functions to be destroyed and abnormal symptoms occur. Control methods choose pesticides that are safe for crops; try to avoid spraying pesticides at times when the crops are weak in drug resistance; generally the seedling and flowering seasons are prone to produce drug hazards; correctly master the pesticide application techniques and strictly follow the prescribed concentration and dosage; avoid the heat Noon application, because of the decline in plant resistance at this time; strengthen management, timely watering, fertilization, cultivator, promote root development and enhance recovery. 11. Cryogenic symptoms Symptoms of cold temperatures above 0°C are known as chilling, and the plants exhibit yellow and white foliage, spots, shrinkage, less curl, and wilting. Cold temperatures below 0°C are called freezing injury, and plants are wilting and dead. When the etiology is low temperature, the root cell protoplasts flow slowly, the osmotic pressure of the cells decreases, resulting in unbalanced supply and demand of water, and the plants suffer cold damage. When the temperature drops below the freezing point, the water in the intercellular space freezes, causing the water of the cell protoplasm to be analyzed and the ice cubes gradually increase; the cells are dehydrated or cause the cells to rise away and die and the plants are wilted and die. Control methods used low-temperature varieties; low-temperature exercise, seedlings can withstand a certain low temperature can increase the cold resistance; in the greenhouse covered with double grass curtain; smoke or temporary make-up temperature; slowly warming after low temperature, can not be hurried, serious To recultivate; spray streptomycin 500ppm. (wuxiang County Agricultural Technology Extension Center)