Efficient, low-toxic, safe new fungicide - Dragon's fungus Liang Diyun 1 Xiong Xingping 2 Summary: Table 1 Effect of Controlling Rice Bacterial Stripe (%)s Test unit Rungi control Yeetazole Control Other contrast agents Other control agents Ruian City Plant Protection Station 78.70 56.40 Green Milk Copper 68.00 Zhejiang Wenling Plant Protection Station 70.98 42.84 M 51.57 Zhejiang Suichang County Plant Protection Station 72.70 43.80 Plant Protection Spirit 52.90 Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Drug Control 80.72 63.92 -- -- Jiangxi Nanchang Agricultural Institute 85.73 -- Green Milk Copper 55.15 Guangxi District Plant Protection Station 80.90 64.30 ---- --- Fujian Plant Protection Station 70.96 57.59 Streptomycin for agriculture 60.21 Nanjing Agricultural College 77.58 67.75 --- -- Hunan Plant Protection Station 74.10 66.40 ---- --- *20% Dragon's fungus SC 100g/Mu 20% Yeltozole WP100--125g/Mu 12.5% ​​Green Milk Cu EC 100ml/Mu Test unit Rungi control Yeetazole Control Ruian City Plant Protection Station 73.15 42.30 Anhui Provincial Institute of Drug Control 81.00 65.90 Guangdong Plant Protection Office 74.23 36.77 Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Drug Control 75.80 34.50 *20% ronacella SC 100 g/mu 20% Yeltozole WP 125 g/mu 20% Ye Kuning WP 200 g/mu (Anhui Province) Test unit Rungi control Can kill control effect Yeetazole Control Streptomycin for agriculture Objects Zhejiang Citrus Institute 89.87 80.84 55.13 50.06 fruit Zhejiang Citrus Institute 86.71 73.87 9.89 19.63 blade Guangxi Citrus Factory 85.90 87.00 ---- -- fruit Guangxi Citrus Factory 76.30 77.20 --- -- blade Hunan Plant Protection Station 82.30 75.00 --- -- blade Hunan Plant Protection Station 77.09 74.21 -- -- fruit *20% of the SC rifampiceps 500 times 77% can kill WP 500 times 20% of the MET 500 mg of streptomycin Test unit Rungi control Can kill control effect Manco manganese zinc control effect Carbendazim control Objects Zhejiang Citrus Institute 95.23 87.90 51.91 42.68 blade Zhejiang Citrus Institute 72.93 66.65 48.67 43.74 fruit Guangxi Citrus Factory 73.00 74.50 --- -- blade Guangxi Citrus Factory 65.00 72.20 ---- -- fruit Hunan Plant Protection Station 83.69 75.00 --- -- blade Hunan Plant Protection Station 81.14 75.39 ---- -- fruit 20% ronacobacter SC 500 times 77% can kill WP 500 times 50% carbendazim WP 600 times 80% mancozeb WP 525 times In Wenzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhejiang Province, it was found that the efficacy of 20% dragon's bacillus (copper thiamine) SC600 doubling spray control was 79%, and that of the control agent 20% methamphetamine WP was 68%. %, 3% The control effect of metocin WP is 49%. The field trial efficacy results of Plant Protection Station of Shandong Province and Plant Protection Station of Laiwu City and Plant Protection Station of Anqiu City in Shandong Province showed that 20% of Dragon's Bacteria SC was sprayed with 600 times of water after soaking in 500 times solution. Disinfect the soil or apply 600 liquids to treat the roots. The effect of controlling ginger ginger can reach 75% or more, which is better than the control effect of 10 million units of agricultural streptomycin. Yutai County Plant Protection Station in Shandong Province will be 20% SC of Dragon's bacterium (thiacax) SC with 3% of mycin, agricultural streptomycin, 53.8% of copper hydroxide, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, thiocarbendazim The selective screening tests for the bacterial base rot of rice were conducted. The results showed that the prevention and treatment effect of 20% bronchobacillus SC was as high as 78.7%, and the increase rate was 56.6%, which was superior to the other five control agents. The results of the plant protection station in Huangpi District of Wuhan City, Hubei Province and the Forest Protection Technical Service Center of Gao'an City, Jiangxi Province, showed that spraying 20% ​​Dragon's Bacteria 500-700 times at the initial stage of the disease. Or 800 times rough spray or pouring at the base, control once every 7-10 days, sharing 3-4 times, the control effect can reach more than 75%. references: Manufacturer: Zhejiang Longwan Chemical Co., Ltd. Zip code: 325013 Address: 6 Huangshan Road, Wenzhou Airport Avenue (next to Lingkun Bridge) Fax: 0577-86636586 Tel: 0577-86636387 28867788 Website: E-mail: tt.zj.cn Contact person: Wang Peiyu 13705771661 Cup and Saucer,Ceramic Tableware,Others Cup Harvit Ceramic Co., Ltd. , http://www.czhvceramics.com
(1, National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Ministry of Agriculture 2, Zhejiang Longwan Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Roncobacter is a self-invented thiazole organic copper fungicide, which has special effects in controlling bacterial diseases of crops. The control effect on rice bacterial leaf streak, bacterial leaf blight, base rot and cabbage soft rot, cucumber leaf spot disease was 71-86%, and the control effect on citrus canker and scab was 86%. Above, there are also excellent control effects on other fungal diseases such as banana leaf spot and watermelon wilt. It has the advantages of novel structure, advanced dosage form, good internal suction conductivity, low toxicity and safety.
Key words: role of the dragon's fungus toxicological safety evaluation efficacy At present, there is still a lack of fungicides at home and abroad that can effectively control bacterial diseases in crops. In the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in rice, the only drug used in recent years is methamphetamine. According to the study, bacterial blight caused by rice is very susceptible to drug resistance, and bacterial streak disease also has a similar situation [1]. Therefore, in recent years, the drug efficacy of various forms of metformazole has been poor, and the condition of the disease has not been effectively controlled. In the fruit trees, especially citrus, China's commonly used domestic and imported inorganic copper fungicide, there are also problems with the efficacy is not ideal, easy to produce phytotoxicity and the proliferation of fleas and other issues. In the bacterial diseases of vegetables, there is no good chemical control. The commonly used agricultural streptomycin has poor efficacy and the disease cannot be effectively controlled. The successful creation of Longkei bacteria solved the problem of prevention and control of bacterial diseases, and thus found an excellent variety of fungicides for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases.
Roncobacter, common name: Thiobacillus copper, English name: Thiodiazole-copper, chemical name: 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole copper, Zhejiang Longwan Chemical Co., Ltd. itself The invention of national patented new products has independent intellectual property rights. Longke is a new bactericidal agent for high efficiency, low toxicity, and safe thiazole organic copper in China. Through a large number of experiments, demonstrations, and popularization and application on more than 1400 acres of rice, citrus, vegetables and fruit trees throughout the country, its control effect is unique, and its efficacy is better than that of common commonly used methamazole, agricultural streptomycin and inorganic copper fungicides. Variety.
1. Mechanism of action The structure of the bacterium is composed of two groups. The first is the thiazole group, which has poor inhibitory activity against bacteria in vitro, but it is a highly effective therapeutic agent in plants. In the pore conduits of the plants, the bacteria are severely damaged, and their cell walls become thinner and then collapse, leading to the death of the bacteria. Some of the bacteria in the other two kinds of catheters (threaded catheters and looped catheters) in the plant were affected by the drug. The cells did not divide and the condition was temporarily suppressed. However, the bacteria did not die. After about 10 days, the residual period of the drug remained unchanged. In the past, the bacteria re-bred and the disease started to develop again.
The second is copper ion, which has the effect of killing bacteria and killing fungi. The copper ions in the drug are exchanged with the cations (H+, K+, etc.) on the surface of the pathogen's cell membrane, which causes the protein on the cell membrane of the pathogen to coagulate and kill pathogens; some of the copper ions penetrate into the pathogen cell and bind to certain enzymes, affecting their activity. As a result of dysfunction, germs fail and die.
In short, under the joint action of the two groups, the sterilization is more thorough, the control effect is better, and the control objects are more extensive.
2. Toxicity Toxicity Laboratory tests for acute toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity, and distortion of Longkei in the Guangdong Provincial Office of Labor and Health Supervision. The results showed that the Longibacterium is not teratogenic, carcinogenic or mutagenic. It is a safe fungicide.
2.1 Acute toxicity
The acute oral LD ​​50 of SD rats was greater than 5050mg/kg in SD rats, and the acute percutaneous LD 50 in SD rats was greater than 2150mg/kg, which was a low toxicity level.
2.2 Skin allergy (sensitization)
The sensitization rate of 20% bronchitis SC against albino guinea pigs was 0 and it was a weak sensitizer.
2.3 Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test (Ames test)
In 95% of the R. capreolus species doses with S9 or without S9, the number of reverted colonies in each of the test groups did not exceed 2 times the number of spontaneously returned strains of the tested strains compared with the negative control group. According to the evaluation criteria, the mutagenicity of 95% of the rifampicin original drug was negative.
2.4 Testicular spermatocyte chromosome aberration test in mice
There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between each dose group of 95 % L. capsici original drug and negative control group (P>0.05). There was a highly significant difference between 95 % L. capsici original drug groups and negative control and positive control (P2. 5 Mouse bone marrow multi-erythrocyte micronucleus test
There was no significant difference in the micronucleus rate between each dose group of 95 % Longkei crude drug and the solvent control group (P>0.05); the micronucleus was compared with the 95% Rhizoctonia crude drug and the solvent control group compared with the positive control. There was a significant difference in the rate (P2.6 subchronic oral toxicity test rats in each group fed 95% of the prodrug doses of Loquat were 5.04, 20.16, 80.6mg/kg days, a total of three months. In a general state, 10 items of body weight and blood routine: serum alanine aminotransferase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum cholinesterase, total bilirubin, free hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, heart, liver, The spleen, lung, kidney, brain organ coefficient and pathology were the observational indicators.Results No abnormalities were found in animals in the low- and middle-dose groups.Assessing the maximum effect of 95% of the rifampicin drug in subchronic chronic oral exposure at 90 days The dose was 20.16 mg/kg day.
3. Safety evaluation
3.1 Dragon's fungus for birds, fish, honeybees, silkworms, etc. National Environmental Protection Agency, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, China The toxicity tests and safety evaluations of 20% Longicillin SC on birds, fish, bees and silkworms were conducted. The test results show that the dragon's fungus is safe for birds, fish, bees, and silkworms.
3.1.1
The acute toxicity of 20% bronchobacillus SC to oral administration of gadolinium by direct oral infusion was LD50>2000 mg/kg, so that bronchobacillus was safe for birds.
3.1.2
The toxicity of 20% bronchobacillus SC to zebrafish is very low and it is safe for fish to use in the field with a spray concentration of 400mg/L.
3.1.3
The LD50 of 20% bronchobacillus SC against bees was LD50> 2000mg/L, contact toxicity LD50> 3250mg/L. The field spray concentration of the drug was 400mg/L, and the field mist concentration was 2000-4000mg/L. The LD50 values ​​are all greater than or at least equivalent to the field application concentration, so the drug's gastric toxicity and contact toxicity to bees are low toxicity. Normal use will not cause harm to bees.
3.1.4
The LD50 of the 20% SC of the bacterium Rhodendron spp. on the silkworm at 24 and 48 hours and the third instar was >750 mg/kg, and the concentration of the drug was 1500 mg/L, and the field spray of the drug was measured. The concentration (after conversion) was 200 mg/L, the field mist concentration (after conversion) was 1000-2000 mg/L, and the LD50 value was 7.5 times that of the field spray, which was greater than or at least equivalent to the field mist concentration. Therefore, the drug has low toxicity to silkworm and normal use will not cause harm to silkworm.
3.2
Longkei preparations are suspensions containing water as a carrier, do not contain organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, and dust, and do not cause pollution to the environment.
3.3
The use of copper-based fungicides will inevitably lead to the accumulation of copper in the environment. Therefore, the copper-based fungicides currently under development need to continuously reduce the amount of copper used while maintaining the efficacy. From inorganic to organic, it is a good way. According to Xu Jiaji, 77% can kill WP. In the orchard, it sprays 400 times and 800 times 7 times throughout the year. When it matures, the amount of residual copper can be 4.62mg/kg and 3.54mg/kg. The application is 5 times. 2.44mg/kg, but the commonly used concentration is 500-600 times, only 2-3 times in the whole year, and the residue in citrus is much lower than 2.44mg/kg. According to the provisions of China's food hygiene standards, the content of copper in canned orange can not exceed 10mg/kg. It can be seen that the amount of residual copper in citrus can be within the safe range. While 77% of the WP can be killed by more than 12 times the copper content of 20% of the bronchobacillus SC, it is safe to use it in crops.
3.4
In the structure of the dragon's fungus, in addition to copper, another group is thiadiazole (2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole). The results of the pesticide residue group of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1983 showed that no degradants were detected in the samples that had been sprayed for at least 7 days from the field during the field spraying. After extensive use of rice, no brown rice samples were found except for some brown rice samples. Therefore there is no excess residue allowed in brown rice.
4. Features
4.1 Both bactericidal and fungicidal Lung bacteria have a good effect on controlling bacterial diseases of crops. Their efficacy is better than that of commonly used pesticides, and it also has a higher control effect on fungal diseases.
4.2 Low toxicity, very low safety and toxicity, oral LD50> 5050mg/kg, no teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic effect on crops, humans, livestock safety; no adverse effects on fish, birds, bees, silkworm and other organisms.
4.3 Formulation Advanced The drug is a water suspension agent, contains no toxic solvents, no dust pollution, and is environmentally friendly.
4.4 Good performance The drug has a strong internal absorption conductivity, and has a good treatment and protection.
4.5 Overcome the three major drawbacks of copper preparations.
4.5.1
PHYSICAL INJURY: In general, inorganic copper preparations have poor efficacy and need to increase the dosage to increase the effect. This is often caused by improper use of pesticides. At the same time, the copper content is too high to be used at the flowering and young fruit stages of crops. The genus Roncotra is organic copper with low copper content, which overcomes the above shortcomings. It can be used during various growth periods of crops, and it is safe and does not produce phytotoxicity.
4.5.2 Occurrence of defects.
According to reports, most of the inorganic copper preparations used repeatedly on citrus, because the copper content is extremely high, it is easy to cause the proliferation of orange spider mite. As determined by indoor and field trials in citrus institutes in Zhejiang Province, because of the extremely low copper content (3.9%), Longkei was repeatedly used on oranges for one year and it did not cause the proliferation of red spiders.
4.5.3 Mixing and mixing.
Most inorganic copper preparations are alkaline and often cannot be mixed or mixed with most other insecticides, acaricides and fungicides. In addition to strong alkaline pesticides, Longkei can be mixed or mixed with other types of pesticides.
5. Efficacy
5.1 Controlling bacterial leaf streak in rice
20% of the bacillus SC mu with 100 grams, 50kg of water, control once in the disease occurrence period, its control effect can reach 70.96--85.73%, which is closer to the control effect 42.84--67.75% of the commonly used methotrexate. 30 % is also superior to commonly used pesticides such as green copper lactone, chlorfluazuron, agricultural streptomycin and plant protection spirit.
5.2 Control bacterial blight of rice
20% ronacillus SC mu with 100 grams, 50kg of water, used once in the disease prevention period, the efficacy was 73.15--81%, and the control effect was 125g compared to the control pesticide Yeyuzimu 34.5--65.9% Increase nearly 32%. (Table 2)
5.3 Control Citrus Canker Disease
20% SC of SC was 500 times, and the effect of controlling citrus fruit and leaf canker disease was 76.3-89.87%. Compared with 77% of the control medicament, it could kill WP500 times, much better than that of Ye Qingshuang and agricultural streptomycin. effect. (Table 3)
5.4 Prevention of citrus scab
20 % of SC was 500 times SC, and the effect of controlling citrus fruit and leaf scab was 65-95.23 %. 77 % superior to the control medicament could kill WP500 times, much better than mancozeb and carbendazim. Control effect (Table 4).
5.5 Prevention and treatment of other bacterial diseases
5.5.1, Hebei Province Plant Protection Institute test dragon fungus control cabbage soft rot disease, the control effect of up to 76.92-79.72%, superior to agricultural streptomycin.
5.5.2 Experiments and demonstrations from all over the country showed that the bacterium of the rot of the genus Dragon's fungus is such as cucumber leaf spot, bean bean leaf spot, solanaceae bacterial wilt, ginger borer, konjac soft rot, peanut bacterial wilt, rice base rot and other bacteria. Sexual diseases have excellent control effects and are superior to various commonly used pesticides.
5.5.3. Excellent control effects have also been achieved in the control of other fungal diseases.
Plant Protection Station of Guangdong Province applied 20% SC of Dragon's Bacteria 400 times to control banana leaf spot and its control effect was 70.72%, slightly better than 42% of imported pesticides with WP 600 times 67.37% of control effect.
The use of 20% Runicillus in the control of watermelon wilt by the Beijing Municipal Institute of Pesticides has a control effect of 73.5--84.9%, and has also achieved good control of other diseases such as blight.
The plant protection station in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, demonstrated that the root rot of yellow ginger showed that 20% of the 500 times Trichoderma spp. was used to soak the seed before soil treatment or spraying or liquid irrigation at the initial stage of the disease. Roots, the control effect can reach more than 75%, are better than other conventional agents.
Through the results of demonstration tests at various points across the country, 20% of the bacterium Dragon's Bacteria (Ticlosporium bronchiseptica) has excellent control effects on tomato, pepper and eggplant wilt. Before the transplanting, the soil was disinfected with 500 times solution. In the initial stage of the disease, the whole plant was sprayed with 700 times liquid or the roots were irrigated. Every 7-10 days, even spraying 3-4 times, the control effect was over 80%.
6. Summary Longobacterium is a broad-spectrum thiazole organic copper fungicide, with the characteristics of novel structure, advanced dosage form, good internal absorption conductivity, high efficiency, low toxicity and safety, especially in controlling bacterial diseases of crops. Good results, also have excellent control effect on fungal diseases.
1. Zhou Mingguo's history review of plant disease chemical control and outlook for the 21st century Plant Protection Information 2000.24
2. Li Zhengming's progress in the prevention and control of bacterial blight in rice at home and abroad in recent years. Research on the control of bacterial blight in the country (1) 152-154 (1975)
3. The Wilderness Plants Daily Report 39 14-26 (1973)
4. Xu Jiaji and other Jiangsu pesticides 1996(2)
5. Wang Yifeng and other researches on chemical control of plant diseases in China (Volume II) 82-85 China Agricultural Science and Technology Press
6. Zhejiang Longwan Chemical Co., Ltd. Pesticide 2001(2)39
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