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Carrots must be high-yield to catch eight points
Carrots are a nutritious and versatile vegetable that can be grown successfully with proper care and attention. Here's a detailed guide to help you cultivate high-quality carrots:
1. **Choose the Right Variety**: Selecting the right carrot variety is crucial for successful growth. Opt for red carrots that have a good root shape, strong growth potential, and high quality. Popular varieties include 'Five-Inch Summer', 'Three-Inch Yantai', 'Five-Inch Red Radish', and Japanese black five-inch local varieties. These varieties are known for their flavor, texture, and adaptability to different growing conditions.
2. **Select the Growing Area**: Carrots thrive in well-drained sandy loam soil that is deep, loose, and easy to till. This type of soil allows the roots to grow straight and develop properly. Good crop rotation is essential—carrots grow well after cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, garlic, or wheat. They can also be intercropped with tall plants like corn, which provide shade and help lower temperatures, promoting better root development.
3. **Soil Preparation**: Before planting, prepare the soil thoroughly. Carrots require deep tilling (more than 30 cm) to ensure the roots can grow freely. Allow the soil to rest in the sun for 10–15 days after tilling. Since carrots are heavy feeders, add 3,000–5,000 kg of well-rotted organic manure, 7.5–10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 50 kg of wood ash, or 20 kg of potassium sulfate during tilling. Ensure the base fertilizer is evenly distributed to avoid forked roots.
4. **Create Raised Beds**: After tilling, break up the soil into fine particles, level it, and allow it to dry. Carrots can be planted in flat beds or raised beds, depending on local climate and rainfall. For raised beds, make ridges about 20 cm apart, 50–70 cm wide, and 10–15 cm high. This helps with drainage and makes it easier to manage watering and weeding.
5. **Sow Seeds Carefully**: Carrot seeds have a low germination rate and can be difficult to sprout. To improve germination, select fresh seeds, dry them for 1–2 days, remove the bristles, and soak them for 4–8 hours before sowing. Mix the soaked seeds with fine sand or wood ash for even distribution. Sow the seeds at a depth of 1–1.5 cm. Germination usually takes 6–10 days. Mixing a small amount (about 2%) of Chinese cabbage seeds with the carrot seeds can help protect young seedlings from excessive sunlight and heat.
6. **Weed Regularly**: When the seedlings have 1–2 true leaves, thin them out to about 3 cm apart. As they grow, perform weeding between rows to ensure healthy seedling development. At 3–4 true leaves, thin again to 10 cm for small to medium varieties and 13–15 cm for larger ones. Use a cultivator to loosen the soil and remove weeds. In addition to manual weeding, herbicides can be used if necessary.
7. **Water Properly**: During the germination period, water the seeds 2–3 times to keep the soil moist, which aids in germination and early growth. Once the seedlings are established, reduce watering but maintain consistent moisture. The fastest root growth occurs when the root thickness reaches about the size of a finger. At this stage, regular watering is essential to prevent the roots from becoming corky or developing extra lateral roots. Avoid overwatering after a dry period, as this can cause cracking. Stop watering one half of the harvest period before harvesting to improve storage quality.
8. **Control Diseases and Pests**: Common diseases include black spot, black rot, and soft rot. To prevent these, spray 75% chlorothalonil diluted at 600 times or 70% mancozeb at 600 times every 7–10 days, applying it 2–3 times as needed. The main pest is the carrot root aphid, which can be controlled using 40% dimethoate diluted at 1,000 times. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to maintaining healthy crops.
By following these steps, you can grow high-quality carrots that are both flavorful and visually appealing. With proper planning and care, your carrot garden will yield excellent results.