Successfully Obtained Cold Resistance Gene of Saussurea in Xinjiang

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The frost in Hunchun delayed the germination of seeds. Frost in early autumn reduced the quality and yield of crops, and the low temperature in winter reduced the chances of survival of overwintering crops. A field of meteorological disasters often leads to the destruction of crops and fruit trees. Recently, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Microbiology Applied Research Institute announced that: a cold-resistant gene has been successfully extracted from the high mountain Saussurea, crops as long as it is transferred to this gene, you can grow in the spring and autumn frost. Saussurea is the only large-scale higher plant in the Tianshan Mountains. Studies have shown that Saussurea has a strong physiological function of effectively accumulating temperature, and can rapidly grow at a high altitude and a monthly average temperature of only 3°C to 5°C to complete its During the growth period, the cold resistance is high. According to Ai Xiulian, a researcher at the Institute of Microbial Applications in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, temperature is a necessary environmental factor for plant growth and development, affecting all processes of plant growth and development, among which freezing damage is a major factor limiting crop yield and plant distribution. Therefore, governments and research institutes in various countries have always attached great importance to and encouraged the study of the mechanism of freezing damage to plants, and look forward to finding ways to improve the cold resistance of plants. In l970, cold acclimation could regulate the expression of plant genes for the first time, resulting in the synthesis of new proteins. Subsequently, the presence of these proteins was found in the induction of cold resistance in most plants. When people analyzed the physicochemical properties of these proteins, they found that they are closely related to the cold resistance of plants. Therefore, these proteins are called cold acclimated proteins or cold-regulated proteins. There are many researches on crop genomics at home and abroad, but there is still no genomics involved in high-cold plants and rare medicinal herbs in alpine areas. The direct isolation of cold-resistant genes from Saussurea is controlled by multiple genes and is technically very difficult. The National Natural Science Foundation project with an investment of RMB 31 million was constructed from the low-temperature induction of Saussurea's CDNA poor base library and wild Saussurea full-length CDNA library to obtain cold-resistant differential fragments, and full-length CDNA was obtained from the library. The fragments were sequenced and finally a number of genes related to cold resistance were discovered. After 5 years, the antifreeze protein gene was finally isolated from the snowdrops of Tianshan No. 1 Glacier. This cold and stress-tolerant gene is transferred to crops such as cotton, wheat, rice, corn, vegetables, etc., which can produce huge economic benefits, especially to restore the economic losses caused by the spring cold from April to May in Xinjiang. Sowing the crop ahead of time or extending the planting period will transform frost-sensitive crops into frost-resistant crops. For example, the cold-resistance gene is transferred to crops and vegetables to make the crop safe for winter or normal in winter; the cold-resistant gene can be transferred to the lawn to maintain the green environment of the four seasons, and its socio-economic and environmental ecological values ​​are higher. This can save a lot of energy, reduce capital investment and pollution, has widespread promotion significance, showing that the research results of the project have a broad application prospects and a huge potential market demand. In addition, this cold-resistant gene also has a great effect on medicine and food processing. What is more noteworthy is that crop seeds carrying antifreeze genes are worthless and their market prospects are limitless. For example, Harbin Normal University will transfer cold-water fish cold-resistance genes into tomatoes to cultivate new cold-resistant tomatoes, and its seeds can be sold for 24,000 US dollars per kilogram. It is reported that Xinjiang's transgenic technology is relatively mature, and it is expected that after two or three years, crop seeds carrying anti-freezing genes can be cultivated. When the time comes, fruit trees in northern Xinjiang can be successfully overwintered without having to be buried. Greenhouse vegetables can grow normally at low temperatures. In order to achieve the dream of a crop like snow lotus.

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