Author: Zhu Yi (Associate Professor of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University) In the mid-Neolithic period of about 6,000 years ago, the hard-working and wise Chinese ancient people left the archeological evidence of chicken rearing. The long farming culture slowly moved forward. Until the 1970s, chickens in our country still stayed in the rice-growing stage and the chicken-raising stage in the garden. It took only 30 years and was completed quickly. From the sideline to the profession, and then to the transformation of the modern chicken industry, it has become the world’s largest chicken-rearing country. The attacks of SARS, bird flu, and US dumping have all come to an end. Chicken meat has become one of China’s meat exporters. Originating in China Economic Net, the editors of this website did not know an anonymous report on the "bred chicken that was slaughtered in 45 days," who was a journalist. It was the entire public opinion circle in China that broilers were not broilers. All kinds of noises broke out. For many days, the broiler chicken was old. It did not happen that the news had a new bottle of old wine. It was also a lively event. Continue reading the old article written for Netease's exploration. At that time, the publication was also deleted. Now the blog is written out and it is a complete statement of my point of view. It is not appropriate for fast white broiler chickens to be called quick-fire chickens because there seems to be some kind of mysterious external force when it comes to speed. It is no wonder that after 30 years of leap-forward development, it is not enough to go deep into people's hearts, and the concept of house-raising chickens that grow at least once a year before they grow up is deeply rooted. The chicken house is a factory, the chicken is a meat production machine, the feed is a raw material for production, and the chicken is a 45-day factory-qualified product. All of this, especially 45 days long to about 5 pounds, is a big surprise, and less than two pounds of feed converts into a pound. The arrival of meat is also another surprise. Actually, this is nothing more than the conventional level of the industry. All of the surprises come from technology and are not hormones. Hormones do not have the mystical power of promoting chicken growth, but they also increase the risk of broiler disease and steal chickens. One meter is an analogy with hormones. The continuous development and improvement of genetic breeding technology is the internal cause of 45 days of production; corresponding to different growth and development stages, to meet the needs of different development stages of feed supply, and the clean and disease-free growing environment as an external cause, hand in hand to ensure rapid health of white feather broilers Go to the dining table. In fact, the current technology can already reach the level of 33 days to 37 days. The flies near the broiler houses reported by the chicken farm workers all died. The main reason is that the cleanliness of the modern chicken farm itself and the surrounding environment are high, and it is impossible for the sewage to flow through the odor-smoked mosquitoes and flies. In addition, cyromazine is also a common method in the world. In the feed, 5 ppm ciprofloxacin, which is a premix, is added according to the prescribed method of use. It is also known as cyromazine and complies with the three-day withdrawal period requirement. The maximum residue limit of cypromine in the ring will not exceed 0.05 The mg/kg limit, as far as entering the human body, is minimally worth mentioning. In addition, it is not necessary to worry about the residual melamine produced after the dealkylation of cyromazine, because it is extremely minute and has low toxicity. At present, neither the EU nor the International Codex Committee on Food Residues of Pesticide Residues has formulated melamine metabolized by the use of cyromazine. In the highest residue limit standard in foods, China's risk assessment shows that there is no safety risk for the extremely low melamine residue produced by the metabolism of ciprofloxacin. However, for chicken farms, eliminating or reducing the frequency of cyromazine use and improving the quality of environmental sanitation to eliminate breeding of mosquitoes and flies is the best approach in the long term. In 1950, the FDA approved for the first time the use of antibiotics as feed additives, and antibiotics have since been widely applied in animal husbandry production. 2006 The European Union banned all kinds of antibiotics from being put into feeds. Many countries followed suit, marking the shift from demand-oriented to quality-oriented animal foods. Antibiotic residues in animal-based foods have gradually become a concern in the world. Focus. China is a big country for the production and use of antibiotics, with about half of human use and livestock. The per capita annual consumption is about 138 grams, compared with 13 grams in the United States. There is no relevant report on chicken consumption, but it is not optimistic. Our country has defined a total of 33 drug additives that are allowed to be used in the feed for a long period of time. Cultivars; feed additive for the prevention and treatment of animal diseases, and the prescribed course of treatment, administered by mixed feeding 24 Species. Feed drug additives include enramycin, virginomycin, flavomycin, apramycin, mycoblast, aviramycin, sulfathiazole and other drugs. At present, the animal production bases in various parts of China are uneven, and there is still some way to go in the feed to completely ban the addition of antibiotics. In the absence of full application of alternative antibiotic feed additives, antibiotic supplements should be reasonably used. Including the correct choice of antibiotic additives, strict control of the indications of various types of antibiotics, the choice of highly sensitive to pathogenic microorganisms, the strongest antibacterial effect or better clinical efficacy, high safety, no mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic and other side effects , Residues of lower antibiotics, pay attention to the use period and withdrawal period. The abuse of antibiotics is not the way to prevent and cure diseases. The same applies to chickens, chickens, and humans. They must completely change the psychological stereotypes of antibiotic worship in order to seamlessly integrate with world trends. It is imperative to completely ban the use of antibiotics. It is of utmost importance to strictly enforce the amount of medication, control the drug withdrawal period, and monitor the residual amount. These three points are good enough to ensure that chicken can be eaten with confidence, but we must pay attention to cleanup. The chicken excrement after the chicken house should be fully spread in the sun, prompting the rapid degradation of residual antibiotics, so as not to pollute the environment. After dispelling the panic caused by anonymous reports, two extension issues will also be discussed. At present, the production efficiency of the chicken industry has reached an unprecedented peak, and chickens provide a large amount of animal foods that are cheap and good for human beings. The promotion of chicken ethics is imperative. This is also a win-win thing for people. At present, the intensive and high-density cage culture has gradually been abandoned. Our ancestors basically lost the ability to fly chickens through domestication. Now the ability to walk chickens is also being deprived, so let the chickens walk freely in the sun. It is a basic respect for chickens, but also a way to increase the chicken's own immunity and reduce the amount of antibiotics. In this regard, China's chicken farming methods should also have measures to keep pace with the times, fully absorb the scientific management experience of modern industrial farming, and carry forward the long-distance scattered wisdom, carry out a large-scale forest sanitation farming, find scale and chicken What is the balance between benefits? It should be emphasized here that large-scale scattered chickens are not fed by eating green grass and insects. It is the combination of traditional free-range farming with modern feeding and management techniques that can provide benefits. Although the prices of fast broilers were lower than those of three yellow chickens and lower than that of free-range chickens, there was no significant difference in the analysis of nutrient composition among the three broilers. The accumulation of muscle fat and flavor substances in broilers was less, and the flavor was not as good as that of free-range chickens. However, from the perspective of food safety, some of the so-called domestic chickens have no way of knowing the whole growth process, and there are even more uncontrollable risk factors. For example, rubbing chickens on the rubbish hill grows up. In this sense, it is instead homegrown. Excellent. In addition to the welfare of chickens, there is also a problem of extension. Computers that have been remotely manipulated by hackers and are unaware of them are collectively referred to as broilers. Chickens that grow faster and produce more meat are called broilers. At present, China's white chicken feathers of the ancestors of large-scale broilers completely rely on imports, this long-term introduction can not help but give birth to computer broiler pessimism, so the domestic broiler breeding career long way to go.
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