The purpose of the root management of bonsai plants is to create good conditions for the growth and development of the root system. The main contents are soil, fertilizer, and water. This article focuses on the management of basin soil. (I) Pendulum soil preparation and disinfection 1. Basin soil preparation Basin soil is the material basis for the growth and development of bonsai plants. It can supply the water, nutrients and air needed by the plants and acts as a fixed plant. Most potted plants are limited by pots and pots, and their pots are thin and small. At this time, the quality of pots and soils puts forward higher requirements. A good potted soil is a prerequisite for the normal growth and development of potted plants. In general, a good basin soil should have the following conditions: loose soil, rich in humus, nutrient rich and comprehensive, good drainage permeability, strong water retention and fertility, acid and alkali suitable for the requirements of the plant, no pests and harmful substances. Pots and soils are often prepared from some materials, such as garden soil, rot, leaf, compost soil, pond mud, peat, yellow sand, etc., due to different sources of materials and different habits, the use of different basin soil formula. Common basin soil formulas include: garden soil + humus + sand + bone meal, volume ratio of 6:8:6:1, or peat + sand + bone meal, with a volume ratio of 12:8:1. The general flowers and trees are compost soil + garden soil, the volume ratio is 1:1, the chrysanthemum is compost soil + garden soil + plant ash + fine sand, the volume ratio is 2:2:1:1, and the rhododendrons can be added with a small amount of yellow sand. 2. Basin soil disinfection The materials used to prepare the potted earth often contain harmful bacteria and eggs that are harmful to the plants. Therefore, potted soils must be sterilized before they can be used. Basin soil disinfection methods are mainly steam sterilization and disinfection of the two agents. (1) Steam sterilization The steam in the boiler is introduced into a closed container filled with potting earth with a steel pipe or a hose, and the steam is sterilized at 100-200° C. for 1 hour. A small amount of potted earth can also be sterilized in an autoclave for 15-20 minutes. (2) Disinfection of pharmaceuticals Formalin (40% formaldehyde) is commonly used, mix with 400-500ml formalin per cubic meter of soil, cover with plastic film, seal for 2-4 hours, then spread out, ventilate 3-4 days until Formalin can be used after volatilization. (b) Upper basin and double basin 1. Above the basin The process of planting a plant in a flowerpot is called a basin. When basin on the basin, first place a broken basin tile or window screen at the basin bottom drainage hole to prevent the basin soil from leaking and facilitate drainage. Shallow basins are suitable for screens, and deeper basins are available with shredded tiles. Deeper sign basins require multiple pieces of broken tiles to cushion the lower layers of the basin. When planting larger trees in shallow basins, use wires to secure the trees and pelvic floor. Place an iron bar on the bottom of the basin before filling the pelvic floor drain hole so that the wire passes through the hole in the basin to hold the iron rod. Fix the wire, then use the other end of the wire to bind the root to fix the tree. When planting, first add a small amount of nutrient soil to the pelvic floor, open the root system of the plant and fix it in place, and then add the rest of the nutrient soil, stick the soil and root with bamboo sticks while adding soil. When you add soil to the pot, you can leave a little more water to facilitate watering. If it is a shallow basin, there is no water outlet, and sometimes the soil is planted. The depth of planting should also be based on styling needs. Generally, the roots will be raised slightly. Immediately after the planting, watering should be done. Watering can be finely sprayed with a watering can. The first watering must be poured, and then placed in the windless half shade and pay attention to water spray every day, generally after half a month can produce new roots, into normal management. 2. Turn over The process of replanting potted plant replanted pots into pots is called turning pots. (1) The purpose of the pot 1 Renewing potted soil to promote plant growth Bonsai plants grow for a certain number of years. The roots cover the entire basin and form an aging root cluster. At the same time, the nutrient consumption of the potted soil exhausts the soil compaction. The growth of roots ensures the supply of nutrients to the plants and avoids the death of the plants. In the process of growing young bonsai plants year by year, when the original basin is too small to affect the growth of the ground, it is necessary to replace the larger pots by turning pots and add new soil to increase the root nutrient area. In addition, when pests occur in the roots of plants, they must also be controlled by turning pots. 2 Enhance the ornamental value of bonsai When bonsai is used for exhibitions, it is necessary to change the original tile basins into zisha basins and high-grade pots such as pottery basins to enhance the ornamental value. In addition, according to modeling needs, sometimes need to change the deep basin into shallow basins, or change the position or posture of plant cultivation, this time also need to turn basins. (2) Turning period The period of tumbling should be based on the species, age, bonsai size and growth status. 1 Tree species: Bonsai bonsai, consumes more nutrients. It is best to turn the pots once a year. Conifers grow slowly, require less fertilizer, and can be used once every 3-4 years. Generally broad-leaved trees can be turned over once every 2 years. 2 Tree Age: The saplings grow fast and should be turned once every 1-2 years. Adult trees that have been formed can be turned over once every 2-3 years. Old trees can be turned once every 3-5 years. 3 specifications: small bonsai basin soil volume is small, should be 1-2 years to turn basin once, medium-sized bonsai can be turned 2-3 years once, large bonsai basin soil volume can be turned over 3-5 years. 4 Growth Status: Generally speaking, when the root system has been covered with a full-sized basin, roots have to protrude from the drainage hole or grow from the edge. (3) Turning time Turning time is generally appropriate for sprouting and advancing in the spring, but different regions have different climates and should be adapted to local conditions and be flexible. There are also differences in the appropriate turnaround time for different plant species. Such as plum blossoms should be combined with branches trimming at the same time after the dumping, the Buddha belly bamboo in May or September is better. If the pots are only small basins and do not break the bandits, they can be carried out all year round. (4) Turning basin method 1 knock off Do not water before the general turn basin, so that basin soil slightly dry, first remove the pot around the part of the soil, the basin downside down, tapping the pelvic floor by hand, or tapping the pot along the basin, so that the plant roots with soil off the basin Out of the tree studs that are grafted and shaped, it is prudent to take off the pots to avoid the separation of the scion and rootstock. 2 Soil removal and root cutting After stripping, use bamboo sticks to remove the upper surface soil and the four surrounding soil and subsoil. The amount of soil removed is generally 1/3-1/2 of the original potted soil. At the same time as going to the soil, the root should be trimmed, and the roots, roots, roots, and roots must be cut off and the roots must be cut short. 3 planting Suitable new pots can be used when planting, or the original pots are still used. Formed stumps should be planted in the original potted species, do not switch into a large basin, in order to control its growth and maintain the original tree. Plants can be planted in situ in situ and can be adjusted as appropriate. If you make a bonsai bonsai, put more soil in the pot, so that the roots of the pot exposed. Other technical requirements for planting are the same as those for the upper basin technology.
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