High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Corn Intercropping Sweet Potato

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Maize is a C4 crop. Compared with rice and other crops, corn has a stronger ability to use CO2 to synthesize starch, which can increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products and show a significant increase in yield. Moreover, sweet potato is a sprawling tuber crop that is interplanted with corn to make full use of space and sunlight, and to extend the effective growth period of corn and sweet potato, so that both crops can achieve high yields. Through many years of technical promotion, the experience of high-yield sweet potato intercropping maize has been summarized and is presented below.
1 planting
1.1 After arranging the plots to determine the plots, a good trench, gutter, and gutter shall be opened to ensure that the ravines communicate with each other so as to ensure smooth drainage and no accumulation of water in rainy days. After the spring, the ridges were made in time for soil preparation, with a ridge distance of 70-86cm and a ridge height of 20-26cm.
1.2 Select sweet potato varieties use detoxification varieties, such as Xushu 18, ya potato 197, yam 210 and so on. Maize chooses early-maturing or medium-early-maturing varieties, such as Dandan 2 and Dandan 5, Huidan 4 and Modan 4. Do not use mid-late or late-maturing varieties.
1.3 timely planting a good ridge, sweet potato nursery seedlings, seedling height 25cm when planted nursery nursery, nurturing strong seedlings. When the temperature begins to stabilize at about 15°C, and the soil temperature in the shallow soil reaches 17 to 18°C, sweet potatoes can be planted, and they are usually planted with 4.5 to 52,500 plants/hm2. Practice has shown that potato seedlings can only be combined with one big potato for both straight and oblique insertions. Although the individual potato weights are relatively large, the seedling density of potato seedlings is relatively thin, so it is not easy to obtain high yields; Results 2 to 3 large potatoes, uniform in size, appropriate fertilization, can achieve higher individual potato weight, easy to obtain high yield. About 7 days after the introduction of sweet potatoes, check the status of live maggots. For dead seedlings, missing pods, cut strong seedlings and fill them with water in time to facilitate survival.
Corn can be sown when the minimum temperature reaches 8°C and the shallow soil temperature reaches 10-12°C. According to every row of 2 ridges of sweet potato intercropping 1 row of corn, corn is planted in the sweet potato furrow, and 2 to 3 seeds are sown per hole. Plant spacing is about 33 cm. The amount of interplanting corn is about 30,000 plants/hm2. When planting corn, if the soil quality is poor and the soil fertility is weak, one row of corn may be interplanted every 3 to 4 ridge sweet potatoes.
2 Strengthen field management
2.1 Fertilizer application of high-quality bar fertilizer 30t/hm2 plus ammonium bicarbonate 450kg / hm2, phosphate fertilizer 300 kg / hm2, potassium fertilizer 225 kg / hm2, zinc fertilizer 75 kg / hm2, or add rice mixed fertilizer 750 kg / hm2. Before transplanting, deep trenches were applied to cover the soil with fertilizer, and corn was planted on the cover soil. However, attention must be paid to direct contact with chemical fertilizers so as not to injure the dead seedlings.
2.2 Timely Top-dressing When the corn grows to 3 to 4 true leaves, the seedlings are completed once. After fertilization, the fertilization amount is either ammonium bicarbonate 300 kg/hm2 or urea 52.5 kg/hm2. During the big flare season of maize, fertilize with water once, apply ammonium bicarbonate 900 kg/hm2 or urea 300 kg/hm2. After the sweet potato lived, the loose soil weeded 1 or 2 times and the cultivating soil once. When the sweet potato vine grows to 60cm, the vine spreads once, and when the corn seedling grows, it empties once. Combine the first top dressing and deep cultivator 1 pass. In the trumpet period, cultivating soil once again. During the pollination period of maize, pay attention to pest control and artificial pollination to increase the seed setting rate. In case of drought, it should be watered once.
2.3 Prevention and control of pests and corns Before treatment of males, use Jinggangmycin 1.5kg/hm2 to spray water to control sheath blight, use 3% carbofuran 30 kg/hm2 to control corn borer with large bells, and use 1.5 for tassels after extraction. Kg / hm2 dimethoate or triazophos water 9 000 kg / hm2 control of corn borers, after the ear to prevent the prevention of Spodoptera litura and armyworm harm. The sweet potato disease is less, and pest control should be strengthened. In the early stage, it mainly used leaf-preventing pests. After the potato was expanded, when soil cracks occurred, the trichlorfon emulsion plus pyrethroid pesticides could be used to water the joints and cover the soil to prevent and treat the small elephant.
2.4 timely chopping stalks, cultivator, take control of the vine, and promote the sweet potato sweet potato light, in mid-July, corn must be promptly chopped after harvest to reduce the shade of sweet potatoes. Combine cultivator, excavate corn residue, loosen soil, and promote root length. Interplanting sweet potatoes because of the relatively thin density of planting, the amount of fertilizer is larger, and the fertilizer level per plant is higher, it is easy to cause stems and leaves to be long. Only the timely picking of the vine, allowing the stems and leaves to coordinate with the growth of the roots, and promoting the growth of the potato head can produce a large potato, ensure the weight of a single potato, and obtain high yield. Therefore, controlling slenderness is a key technical measure. It is generally required that the first topping should be performed when the branches reach 40 to 50 cm, and the toppings should be topped again when the secondary and tertiary branches reach 20 to 30 cm, and the paclobutrazol solution 50 mg/kg is sprayed 1 to 2 times. In order to effectively control the stems and leaves. At the same time, Tito pulled off an adventitious root, reduced sucking fat and controlled leggy. The land with arid and thin land, insufficient water and fertilizer, and poor growth does not mention rattan to prevent stems and leaves from declining, resulting in reduced production.
2.5 Timely harvesting When the corn stalks are over 80% dry, they can be harvested. Cut along with the straw and transport it out of the field. Sweet potatoes can be harvested when the daily average temperature drops to 15°C. The roots of sweet potato are asexual vegetative bodies, and there is no obvious maturity standard and harvest period. However, the early and late harvests have a close relationship with the yield, retention, storage, processing and utilization of sweet potatoes. Harvesting too early will reduce yields, and harvesting will be affected by cold damage. Generally, it is possible to start planing when the temperature drops to 15°C, and it should be harvested before the frost occurs.

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