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In the first section, the choice of planting fields and planting fields is crucial to the growth and development of asparagus. Therefore, it must be carefully selected. To choose fertile soil, thick soil layer, strong fertilizer and water retention performance, good permeability, low groundwater level, easy cultivation of asparagus soil drainage, but sandy loam soil and light industry clay loam is most suitable. Sandy loam and light loam soil are not easy to compact, earth-cultivation and harvesting are convenient, and the harvested tender stems are white and not easily bent. Former crops are mulberry orchards, orchards, and woodland should not be planted with asparagus. Because the roots of the soil remaining in the soil are prone to purpura, the root rot occurs easily if the asparagus is cultivated. It is also not suitable to cultivate asparagus on heavier lands where wheat is heavily eroded. For the cultivation of asparagus, the groundwater level must be low, and the water conservancy facilities must be fully equipped so that the drought can be poured and the water can be discharged. The soil pH is preferably 5.5-7.5. Do not grow asparagus on strong acid or strong alkaline soil. Otherwise, the growth of plants will be adversely affected. The soil salt content should be below 0.25% to facilitate the vigorous growth of asparagus. For the cultivation of asparagus, the light conditions are better for plant photosynthesis. Since asparagus is tall and thin on the ground, do not plant asparagus on the tuyere to prevent the wind from blowing down the ground. The planting fields should be centralized and transported to facilitate management, acquisition and processing. Section 1 Preparation before Planting 1. Asparagus deep-slopes the soil for a long period of time. Before the planting, the land should be fully ploughed and leveled, enough basal fertilizer should be applied, and fertility should be used to lay the foundation for the high yield of asparagus. 2. Before digging and fertilizing, planting land should be deep-rooted. The white bamboo shoots should be spaced 1.8 meters apart. The green bamboo shoots should be lined with 1.3-1.4 meters. According to the topography, the north-south direction or the east-west direction should be a straight line, and then Straight line digging width 0.45 meters, 0.4-0.5 meters deep planting ditch. When digging trenches, more than 25 cm of mature soil and 25 cm of raw soil should be divided. When backfilling, the ripening soil is placed at the bottom to facilitate the development of the asparagus root system. 3000-5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 50 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer per acre were applied to the planting trench. For the organic fertilizer in the planting ditch, there are some requirements for decomposing pigs, chicken dung and human excrement. Planting ditch should not be filled, and it can be 5-7 cm lower than the original ground. After the planting, the ditch should be filled gradually. Immerse the planting furrows with water to prevent the soil from sinking due to watering or rainfall after the planting, so that the seedlings fall down. The ridge between the two ditches should be made into a small arch with a middle height and two low sides. Afterwards, with the continuous growth of the seedlings, the ridge surface soil is gradually backfilled into the planting ditch to form a soil ridge which is about 10 cm above the original ground level. In order to make the leak drained and prevent flooding. Due to the deep roots of asparagus, if the digging trenches are not dug, the soil under the plow of 25 cm or less will be compacted with poor air permeability and nutrient content, the root system of asparagus will not grow easily, and the root plate will spread slowly, which will seriously affect the early yield of asparagus. 3. The seedlings are graded and colonized in order to ensure that the asparagus grows neatly after colonization, and the seedlings are cut into pieces of soil by 10 cm square to facilitate soil transplanting. The seedlings should be graded when planting, and seedlings should be selected according to the seedling size. The standard for planting seedlings is to require seedling height of about 0.3 meters, with more than 3 stems and 7 underground storage roots. Failed to colonize. The third quarter of planting time in accordance with the requirements of early high-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus, early spring using a small shed to cultivate seedlings, when the seedlings on the ground more than three stems, generally in the late May can be directed colonization. Seedlings with open seedlings can be planted in autumn or in the spring of the following year based on the seedlings. Irrespective of the method used to raise seedlings, in order to extend the growing period of asparagus field, the survival rate of directional planting with strong seedlings with soil blocks is high when planting. From this period, the seedlings are easy to carry soil, light rooting, quick seedling growth, and good growth. Large seedling root system, seedlings easily injured roots, susceptible to disease after planting. Age of 60-80 days is appropriate. The rationality of the density of planting densities in the fourth quarter is related to the output, quality and length of harvested bamboo shoots and the convenience of management. The high density of planting has certain benefits for the early yield of asparagus, but with the expansion of the asparagus bulb body year after year, the increase in the number of bulb clusters will cause growth on the ground, poor ventilation and light transmission, and will easily lead to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The density of colonization is too small to use land, the yield is not high, and the economic benefits decline. The reasonable density is to maximize the yield and quality of the tender stems, and it can produce high yields for many years. The spacing of cultivated white asparagus is 1.8 meters, the spacing between the rows is 0.25-0.3 meters, and 1300-1500 plants per acre are most suitable. As the green asparagus cultivation is not required by the soil, the row spacing can be reduced to 1.3-1.4 meters, and the plant spacing is also 0.25-0.3 meters. It is more appropriate to plant 1600-2000 plants per acre. Section 5 Method of colonization In the middle of a well-established planting ditch, a straight line is drawn, and then the seedlings with clods are oriented and colonized according to the growth and development direction of the shoots of the asparagus seedlings. There should be more than three underground stems for planting seedlings. If the plants are planted in the north-south direction, the first stem (short and thin stem) to be extracted in the first place should be placed in the north, and it should not be placed on both sides of the furrow; The stems of the ground that were taken out for the first time should be placed on the east or west side of the ditch so that they are consistent with the direction of planting. Large seedlings are separated from the seedlings. Do not mix plants so as not to affect the uniformity of the asparagus. Planting time along the line by plant spacing 0.25-0.3 meters, with the digging planting. The size of the burrow should be the standard for putting seedlings into it. After planting, cover the soil with 4-5 cm and press it, then water it. With the growth of bamboo shoots, the soil will be gradually filled with planting trenches to maintain the depth of the seedlings at about 12 cm. When planted too deep, it is easy to cause lack of plants or make the seedlings poorly developed. The planting is too shallow, the plants are malnourished, the stem above the ground is easy to fall down, and the yield is not high. Section 6 Field Management after Planting The length of time required for asparagus to grow from bamboo shoots to bamboo shoots varies greatly depending on the type of nursery and the timing of planting. The first year of nursery, planted in April of the following year, can grow for 5 months; Yangshuo nursery, planting from May to June can also grow 3-4 months, these two types can shoot bamboo shoots in the second year of spring, and The yield is relatively high; in spring, the seedlings are exposed in the open field, and bamboo shoots cannot be harvested in the spring of the second year after planting in August. 1. Supplementing seedlings and pest control shall be conducted within one month after the planting. When filling seedlings, sufficient water should be poured to ensure survival, and the seedlings of supplementary plants should still pay attention to directional planting. The seedlings after planting have poor resilience and poor regenerative ability. For example, stem blight and underground pests will cause serious losses once they occur. Must constantly inspect the field, find pests and timely prevention and treatment. 2. Watering and cultivating soil should be promptly watered after colonization, and then cover with soil after water infiltration. When the soil is covered, it is necessary to break up the soil and prevent it from falling over. This is because the bamboo shoots are very small and must be carefully managed. The asparagus seedlings after planting are shallow and have weak drought tolerance. Water should be properly watered depending on weather conditions and changes in public opinion. After each top dressing, water should also be applied to promote decomposition of the fertilizer and to exert its fertilizer effect. Autumn is the period of autumn stemming of asparagus, and it is also the critical period for the accumulation of nourishing yam to achieve high yield in the second year. In case of autumn drought, timely watering will affect the extraction of young stems and lead to premature plant failure. Pre-winter winter pre-winter season before and after pouring winter water, in order to facilitate the safe asparagus overwintering, and cultivate soil 15 cm to reduce the number of hollow bamboo shoots in the coming year. 3. Top-dressing seedlings will enter the normal growing stage after 20 days of colonization. At this time, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as urea or ammonium bicarbonate should be topdressed to prompt the seedlings to quickly draw stems from the ground. Increase the amount of growth on the ground. At this time, 30 kg of urea or 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied per acre. When fertilizing, 20-25 cm from the asparagus along the ridge to open the ditch, the ditch depth of 10 cm is appropriate, the fertilizer applied into the ditch and timely soil covering. When topdressing, prevent the fertilizer from being scattered on the ground or the fertilizer is too close to the plants to prevent the nutrient from popping or burning the plants. Water the fertilizer timely after applying fertilizer. Planting 40-50 days should be followed by the second autumn fat, when the first fertility has passed and the first tender peak has been destroyed. The second batch of tender stems will be drawn and timely The next autumn fat will make the shoots grow robustly and germinate more. The top dressing was mainly compound fertilizer. Supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer, each acre can recover 40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of urea to ensure the need for fertilizer before the asparagus grows. It is necessary to maximize the development of autumn and accumulate more assimilation materials. The annual production will lay a solid foundation. After the first fertilizer, it must be watered in time.
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