Small pepper, also known as Chaotian pepper, is a favorite food that is rich in nutrition. It is a good medicine for stomach, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-cold herbs. It is mainly distributed in Henan Nanyang, Hebei Wangdu, Hunan Shaoyang, Shaanxi Xi'an, Liaoning Chifeng and other places. Small pepper production has become the economic pillar of the regional pillar industries in these regions and the prosperity of farmers. In the production practice in recent years, we have summarized a set of high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. The main points are as follows. 2. The cultivation of strong seedlings and small peppers is weak at seedling stage. Cultivation of strong seedlings is the basis for the high yield and quality of small peppers. The criteria for strong seedlings are the thick stems, short sections, thick leaves, deep colors, and well-developed root systems. 3. Soil preparation, fertilization and transplanting 4. Daejeon Management 5. Harvesting and drying
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1. The pepper seeds used in the current production are not validated, and it is necessary to use the seeds of Eucalyptus hawksbill or bullets that have been purified and rejuvenated to avoid large angle seeds with low planting angle and low pungency.
2.1 seedbed preparation using small arch nursery, the seedbed should choose leeward sunny, fertile soil, there are irrigated conditions of the oysters. General planting of 667 square meters Daejeon should prepare 8 square meters of seedlings, with a width of 1 meter and a length of 8 meters. The main method of rowing and seedling cultivation is to apply 150 kg of compost, 0.5 kg of urea and 1 kg of superphosphate to each seedbed. 0.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fertilizer and soil should be mixed and broken. Generally, the seedbed is 20 cm above the ground, and a 20 cm wide groove is opened around the seedbed to facilitate drainage. Before planting, the foot water should be poured and sprayed with 50% carbendazim for 800 times to prevent seedling disease.
2.2 Seeding due to seedling age and planting time, seedling age is appropriate for about 60 days. The best breeding time in southwestern Henan is in late February. 150 grams per plant. 5 to 7 days before sowing, 50% carbendazim 1000 times for germination and germination, germination temperature is generally 25～32°C. Seeds can be sown at 70% when the whiteness of the seeds is reached. Seeds are evenly seeded on the bed surface, and then sieved with a fine sieve. The soil is covered by 0.5 cm thick, and then it is arched with bamboo batches or tree slats. The arch is 50 cm away from the surface of the bed and finally covered with a white plastic film. The surrounding of the membrane is sealed with mud.
2.3 In the early stage of seedbed management, it is mainly to prevent membrane breakage, increase light, and ensure bed temperature; in mid-term, the ventilation and heat dissipation of the film at both ends of the arch canopy can be lifted at midday to reduce the temperature and humidity in the shed; Clear exposure. If the pepper seedlings lack of fertilizer, appropriate amount of fertilizer can be sprayed. Seedlings when two true leaves when the thin seedlings, 3 to 4 true leaves when the Dingmiao, 3.3 cm per 3.3 cm to leave a seedlings, combined with a fixed seedlings to remove the bed weeds, and 50% carbendazim spray 800 times to prevent disease, 7 to 10 days before transplanting, membranes, water control and ventilation practices (also known as seedlings) are removed.
3.1 The preparation of small pepper can not be planted in low-lying water immersed ground, should not be re-tanning, generally should be deep in the winter more than 20 cm deep-frozen hoe, the spring top of the land to protect the pods, combined with basal fertilizer in the plant before the shallow turning, fine pedaling, and 1.6 meters into a rake, the width of 10 cm, depth of 15 to 20 cm, flat surface, broken soil, no dark pimple.
3.2 Fertilization and Fertilization Fertilization should be based on farms as much as possible, supplemented by chemical fertilizers; basal fertilizer should be the main supplement, and top dressing should be supplemented; phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be added. Better fertility of the best places, generally 667 square meters of fermented farmyard fertilizer 2000 kilograms, ammonium bicarbonate 40 kilograms, superphosphate 40 kilograms, potassium sulfate 10 kilograms or 45% compound fertilizer 25 kilograms, zinc, boron 0.5 kilograms each Evenly, 80% is used as base fertilizer, 20% for transplanting nests, or 50-80kg of small pepper special fertilizer, medium fertility and thin ground, and 10%-30% of fertilizing amount can be appropriately increased on the basis of above-mentioned fertilization.
3.3 The film is generally chosen to have a width of 70 cm in the mulch, two pods per culm, two rows of peppers each above, mulch edges and interface with compacted soil compaction.
3.4 The general principle of transplanting is that the fertile land should be thin, and the thin ground should be dense, and the depth should not be shallow. In the southwest of Henan, it is generally transplanted in the middle or late April. Wide and narrow rows were cultivated, with a width of 50 centimeters and a narrow line of 30 centimeters, a spacing of 33 centimeters, and about 5,000 peppers per 667 square meters. When transplanting, use a stick with a thick shank of the egg to make a hole in the mulch or dig a hole with a hoe. The depth of the hole is 6 to 7 centimeters. The water should be filled with water and the soil must be sealed. When the soil is sealed, the mulch film should be sealed. Can also be planted before the film, and then seedlings. In order to increase the survival rate of pepper seedlings, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be added to the seedling water, which is 1.5 kg per 667 square meters, or special seedling raising fertilizer. If small tigers occur, they can be trapped and killed.
4.1 Seedlings and nursery seedlings 5 ​​to 10 days after planting, it is necessary to intensify the inspection and find that the dead seedlings are lack of plants.
4.2 The cultivating soil in the cultivator shall be based on the principle of sealing after the shallow depth, middle depth and depth of the cultivator. After half a month of easing the seedlings, the middle cultivator is used once, and the cultivator is used for 2 or 3 times of cultivating. The weeds are removed and the compaction is removed. The last time (before flowering) is combined with topdressing to seal the soil. When too much weeds are used, every 30m3 of 667m2 can be sprayed with Gaisha.
4.3 Top dressing of 10 kg per 667 square meters, topdressing 5 kg of urea, 3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or 45% of compound fertilizer.
4.4 Diseases and Insect Pest Control As with other peppers, small capsicum has major diseases such as epidemics, anthrax, soft rot, and viral diseases. The prevention and control of the disease can be sprayed with 40% EB aluminum wettable powder 200 times or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 800 to 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times in the early stage of disease; Spray 79% thiophanate-methyl 500 times, 70% mancozeb 800 times or 50% carbendazim 600 times; control soft rot can spray 72 units of agricultural streptomycin WP 200 units; Viral disease has been recurrent in recent years. It can be started from the seedling stage. It can be sprayed with 2% bacteriocin and 200 times liquid or 18% WP WP 150 g per 667 square meters. Toxin 600 times or 24% poison water emulsion 600 times. The main insect pests are aphids and cotton bollworms, which can be used to control aphids 40% omethoate EC 1000 times or 50% alum 3000 times; 90% can be used to control cotton bollworm 3000 times WP or 2.5% KF 2000 Double fluid, pay attention to alternating medication, so as not to produce resistance.
5.1 Harvesting Methods are taken 3 to 4 times in batches. Generally after the peppercorns grow red, wait another 7 days to harvest a net angle to form a flower shell after sun drying.
5.2 Drying Small peppers picked up from the field should be promptly set aside and spread in a shaded place for ventilation. After the pods are allowed to dry to a half dry state, they should be moved to dry under full light. Note that the newly harvested pods should not be exposed directly on the concrete floor. In the event of rain, a small fire or room interior drying can be performed. Note that the temperature is low and then high. It should not exceed 50°C to prevent the color from becoming dark.
5.3 Classification The dried chili peppers are separated according to their appearance, color, and size, and then bagged for sale.
5.4 Late harvesting If the seedlings are near frost or planting wheat in the late growth stage, they can be sprayed with 800 times of ethephon for red in the field. They can also be planted and put outside to dry after ventilation. The leaves will fall behind and piled up inward. Outside the small quail, naturally dry, and then harvest the net angle.