(1) Selected typical plants Typical single plants should be selected in the original breeding unit, or the original seed field of the designated original production unit, or in the original nursery garden with strict isolation (such as bagging, gauze cover, and tent isolation). However, in the winter rapeseed area of ​​southern China, the flowering period is cloudy and rainy, and when the self-introduction of the self-introduction of the bagging or the self-crossing of the gauze cover, it is difficult to obtain enough seeds, or even to obtain seeds. The original Hunan Agricultural College had proposed that the original species be grown in the growth room. Methods. The original species growth chamber is a glass chamber, which is partitioned into a plurality of chambers with nylon or gauze, and the chambers are numbered sequentially. Indoor control of humidity, temperature, light, and can see the ventilation, air relative humidity control in 70% -80%. The original species are planted or transplanted into a growth chamber, one for each chamber, and managed according to the superior cultivation techniques. Plant growth in the room is not affected by the external natural conditions, the inflorescence will not be destroyed, and plant traits can be identified and selected at each growth stage. Select the time and method: Select the time at the seedling, flowering and maturity stages. When the seedling stage is the seedling age of 5-6 leaves, it is carried out according to the characteristics of leaf shape, leaf color, wax powder thickness, heart color, bristles, nick shape, young stem color, seedling growth habit and growth potential. select. More plants should be selected. The selected plants are marked. In the flowering period, based on the selection of seedling stage, the plant height, stem color, number of branches, floral organs and other parts of the plant were all relatively uniform in shape and color, as well as the initial and final flowers, and the excellent single plants with typical characteristics of the original varieties were in the main inflorescence. Listed on the list, and select the fine plants to stay. Individuals who are elected at the seedling stage but are not elected during the flowering period should be unmarked. The selection at maturity should be combined with plant height, stem diameter, branching habit, branch position, main inflorescence length, fruit density, fruit shape and length, and number of pods per plant. Relatively uniform and lighter pests and diseases, and have the characteristics of the original species of a single plant, such as the flowering period when the election is not typical of the maturity of those who should be eliminated. The number of single plants selected may be determined according to the area of ​​the original planted field. Generally, 100-150 strains of seedlings are selected, 80-100 strains of flowers are selected, and about 80 mature strains are selected, and the strains are tested, including plant height, one effective branching, and branching position. Number of pods per plant, number of pods per pod, yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, seed coat color, etc. Qualified individuals should perform quality analysis. The erucic acid content of the low erucic acid cultivar is close to zero, and finally about 60 strains of good quality and economic traits are selected. (2) The propagation of strains and nursery must be performed under strict isolation conditions, using natural barrier isolation (such as Okita or small plains in mountainous hills, rivers, lake islands, etc.) or space isolation (2000 meters) or Shed isolation. Due to the small breeding area of ​​the nursery, the isolation of the sheds is preferred. Shed isolation is a 40 mesh plastic mesh cloth or mosquito net gauze sleeved on a metal scaffold. When the rape begins, it is covered with a net cover, and the flowers that have been opened are removed. The net cover is removed when the flower is finally removed. The flower buds that have not yet been flowered at the time of the demolition should also be removed to prevent biological confusion. The establishment of strains and nurseries is to grow a single plant with double-low varieties or low-erucic acid varieties in the plant nursery. The size of each area should be unified, and generally 5 to 10 rows can be used. A control area is set for every 10 cells, and the control area uses the original seeds of the variety. In the whole growth period, special persons are assigned to conduct field records and management. Identification of the flowering period: The early and early flowering stages should be observed sooner or later and the uniformity of the final flowering period should be observed. The communities that took too much time to spend too early or late should be eliminated. The plants in the plot should be removed from the flowering, premature and late plants. At the same time, petal size, color, overlap, plant height, branching habits, length of main inflorescence, and fruiting density must also be observed. Disease resistance and cold resistance should also be identified. Identification at maturity: Observe the degree of discoloration of the main stem and keratinocytes and the maturity of the seeds, and identify lodging resistance, eliminate inconsistent maturation, poor economic traits, and areas with severe susceptibility. Treatment at the time of harvesting: When the selected strain is harvested, the label is attached according to the strain (small bamboo or plastic card) and the strain number is written. Indoor test species identification of selected strains, sub-system threshing calculation of community yield, more than 5% to 10% of the control erucic acid content is close to zero, glucosinolate content In order to prevent varieties from mutating during cultivation and selective seeding, some original species should be propagated as much as possible after the variety is established, fully dried and stored in a large desiccator, preferably stored in Xinjiang or Qinghai. Then gradually remove the original species in different years. (3) The original seed nursery's mission is to reproduce the mixed seed (original species) of the previous year's strain nursery. Produce a large number of original plant types, excellent seed quality and good quality. The area of ​​the original plant nursery is larger than that of the plant nursery. It must be based on the leaf shape, leaf color, young stem color, growth habits, and growth potential at the seedling stage, early and late flowering, stem height, stem color, and flower shape in the flowering stage. The characteristics of plant height, plant type, pod character, seed setting rate, pest degree, etc. during mature period are eliminated and eliminated, and mechanical mixing is strictly prevented during harvesting, threshing, storage, transportation, etc. to ensure the quality and purity of the variety. (4) The qualified species for production (qualified species) must be derived from the seed of the original plant nursery. The qualified species has a large breeding area and a large quantity, and 2-3 times of impurity removal is required during the reproductive period, including the seedling stage and the maturation stage. Subsequent de-mineralization must be carried out. Before harvesting, unpick diseased plants and poorly growing plants, and harvest until the seeds are fully mature. (5) Production Management The choice of breeding grounds. It is possible to make full use of the hilly areas of the hilly lands of Chongtian, Jianghe, Huxin, and the plains where space isolation can be practiced, or in the center of a large area of ​​single and double canola varieties as a seed production base. The rapeseed and other cruciferous vegetables should not have been planted in the original species within five years; rapeseed and other cruciferous vegetables should not have been planted within three years in the qualified seed production area. Choose the appropriate isolation method. Isolation methods include isolation of single paper bags, isolation of gauze or gauze per plant, or isolation of group sheds, time isolation (southern winter rapeseeds can be planted in early February), barrier isolation, and space isolation. With space separation, the distance between each isolation zone and other canola and cruciferous vegetables is at least 1,000 meters. Avoid biological clutter. Seed production fields require no rape and other cruciferous plants to be planted within 3-5 years, and they are constantly changing crops. They must not apply compost with rapeseed stalks and early shell rakes at any time. The other crops were field-grown rapeseed plants and cruciferous vegetable plants. It is forbidden to plant high erucic acid and high-sulfur rapeseeds in the seed base, and cabbages, radishes and other cruciferous crops in farmers' gardens are all eradicated before flowering. Eliminating the miscellaneousness caused by the spontaneous planting of rapeseed. At the same time, the seed field should be transplanted and transplanted, which can be combined with transplanting to remove impurities and impurities. This not only ensures the purity of the varieties, but also ensures the seedlings are fully grown, lays the foundation for high yields, and can also increase the propagation coefficient. Relocate the bees and eliminate pollinators. Bees are the main medium for rapeseed pollination, and their ability to fly is strong. The maximum flying distance is 2 km. Therefore, before the flowering, the bee colony around the breeding area should be completely removed, at least 1000 meters away, to prevent the bee string powder. Prevent mechanical mixing. Rapeseed seeds are small, tools, drying yards, etc. are not easy to clean, and seeds between varieties are not easy to identify, it is easy to cause mechanical miscellaneous. Therefore, in order to ensure that varieties, fields, single crops, single threshing, single cropping, and single bagging are used, the species name tag should be affixed inside and outside the seed package. Strengthen quality testing. In the breeding process of improved seedlings, in addition to the requirements for the production and propagation of rapeseed, the selection and identification of individual plants in the field, such as typical seedling stage, bud stage, early flowering stage, and maturity stage, must be strengthened. Therefore, the quality traits of rapeseed are actually biochemical traits, and it is impossible to identify them from the appearance. Quality inspection must be performed on the basis of field selection and identification. In short, the quality inspection runs through all aspects of breeding, production, and sales. High-quality seeds must be certified by the state-approved instruments and unified technical methods.
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