I. High-yielding dairy cows 1. Pre-lactation: (1) On the first day after childbirth, the rations are supplied according to prenatal conditions, and adequate clean and warm water is provided. The first time drinking water is best to add salt 50 grams, 1 kilogram of bran, sugar and motherwort appropriate amount, so that the cow to restore body condition as soon as possible. (2) Starting from the second day after childbirth, feeding high-quality hay with good palatability and digestibility is essential, and free quality hay can be fed, and if appropriate, the concentrated feeds should be fed. The daily feed volume is 0.7-1 kg. When the milk output no longer rises after the feed is increased, the excess feed is reduced and the milk is balanced. In this period, the dry matter intake should reach 4% of the weight of the cattle, the crude protein level of the diet should not be lower than 15-17%, and the ratio of refined and roughage should be 1:3. To increase appetite, you can add baking soda every day to bring the milk production peak early. For nutritional supplements, carrots and beets can be added to the diet. Feeding urea 18 grams per 100 kg body weight, 4% fat, 25 grams of amino acids. Check the cows regularly for iodine deficiency and iodine if necessary. Intravenous calcium gluconate was administered intravenously and 0.2 kg of vinegar was given to cows daily. Winter porridge, drink warm water, add cool well water in the porridge in the summer, can increase milk production. (3) During the prolific period of lactation, high-energy, high-protein feeds must be fed, and the number of feedings should be appropriately increased. The crude protein level in the diet should reach 18%, and the ratio of refined and roughage should be 3:2. At the peak of lactation, the hay feed is free to feed and does not limit drinking water. 3. Late lactation: It is an important period for dairy cows to recover their body condition. The feed supply is based on roughage. The dry matter intake should reach 3% of the weight of the lactating cow, and the crude protein level of the diet should be below 13% to prevent the bovine body from becoming overweight. . 4, dry period: dry milk before the main green barley, pay attention to supplement salt, calcium and phosphorus. During the late period of dry milk, the amount of concentrate feed was gradually increased, and 2 kg of feed was started every day. Afterwards, 1 kg was increased every 7 days, and the amount of concentrate feed was about 7.5% of the weight of pregnant cows 7 days before delivery. Second, high-yield cow management 1, do a good job in health: postpartum clean the cow hindquarters and disinfection, to prevent reproductive system diseases. The barn and sports grounds are cleaned and grounded, and kept clean and dry. At the same time, it should also be air and light to prevent thieves and drafts. Keep warm in winter. 2, science milking: 1 postpartum to take "three more" breast care method, that is, multiple milking, multiple hot compress, multiple massage. In the first 7 days after delivery, milking is performed 3-4 times a day to eliminate edema. Use a hot water of 50-60°C to wash your breasts every time you are milking, and use warm wet towels to apply several times. Before and after milking, perform a breast massage. In order to prevent postpartum delirium in dairy cows, do not squeeze the milk in the breast 3 days before the calving cows. Generally, only squeeze 60-70% on the first day, 75-80% on the second day, squeeze 85-90 on the third day. %, the fourth day can be completely squeezed. 2 Adhere to the “four-determined†milking principle, ie, fixing the milker, fixing the milking time, fixing the milking area, fixing the milking sequence, and mastering the milking technology. 3 pay attention to milking hygiene and prevent mastitis. Milkers should be in good health. Before milking, brush the cow's hindquarters dirt and rinse the cow bed with water. Do not feed odors. In order to prevent mastitis, correct milking methods should be used. 3, increase the light: In the short-day sunshine season, to artificially supplement the light to the cows, so that the full daylight hours up to 15 hours, can increase milk production. 4. Breeding and mating: In strict accordance with the cold fine breeding operating procedures for breeding, and strive to insemination during a estrus pregnancy, to prevent breeding contamination. 5, daily management: exercise, brushing and hoof repair are three regular management work, particularly important for lactating dairy cows. Feeding cows, each with one exercise each morning and afternoon, each hour, can enhance physical fitness and increase milk production. Brushing can keep skin clean and prevent skin diseases. Every day should be brushed 1-2 times, best arranged in the stadium before milking. Hoofing is performed every spring and autumn. Cowsheds and playgrounds are warm in winter and cool in summer to prevent heat shots. According to the epidemic prevention regulations, do a good job of disease prevention.
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2. Mid-lactation: Protein levels should be appropriately reduced. To avoid a decline in milk production, the dry matter intake should account for 3.5% of the weight of the lactating cow. The crude protein level of the diet can be reduced to 14%, and the ratio of refined and roughage can be 2:3.