An important step in the protection, utilization, and development of biological resources is to transform the population and germplasm resources into biological information resources, that is, DNA sequence resources. Deciphering the genetic code of “Super Rice†aims to lay a permanent foundation for increasing rice yield and improving quality and maintaining the international leading position of hybrid rice production in China. To further increase rice yield, we must have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the essential structure of rice and its internal genetic organization. Modern molecular biology techniques based on biological genetic maps will be used to understand the sequencing of rice genomes. On the basis of genetic improvement, the single yield and steady yield of rice are increased, making it a fundamental way to ensure food production safety. The "Work Frame Map" of the Chinese rice genome is a typical indica restoring line "9311" of the super hybrid rice developed by Academician Yuan Longping. This study was conducted on the rice genome "work frame map" and database in May 2000. The first part of the study launched, its "fine map" will be completed next year. With the efforts of scientists, the Super Rice Genome Project is progressing rapidly. Up to now, the genome sequencing coverage and gene coverage rate are all above 95%, covering all 12 chromosomes of the rice genome, and 90% of the region's accuracy rate has reached 99%, which is in full compliance with the requirements of the “work frameâ€. This achievement was independently completed by our scientists and its significance is extraordinary. It marks that China has become the second country after the United States with the ability to independently complete large-scale genome sequencing and assembly analysis. The rice genome is the largest genome in the genome sequencing of plants so far, about one-seventh of the human genome. As a representative of grass crops, the whole genome study of rice will promote the research and application development of other important crops such as corn and wheat, laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of crops. The significance of this research in agricultural production is comparable to the significance of the human genome project for human health. Rice gene research is mainly divided into genome sequencing and functional genome research. The purpose of genome sequencing is to know what the genome is. The purpose of functional genome research is to know what the genome is doing and how it is done. The use of functional genomics theory and methods can be used to reveal the molecular mechanisms of genetic control of the importance of crops, and to pave the way for the genetic improvement of these crops at the genome level. For example, "Rice 973 Project" is a method for the systematic isolation of rice tillers, panicle type, plant type, growth period, fertility, fertilization, endosperm development, and metabolic regulation using methods such as genetics, molecular biology, and bioinformatics. Genes, by establishing and comparing their expression profiles and the functional analysis of related genes, determine the genes that affect important agronomic traits such as yield and quality. For the comparisons between ç±¼ and ç²³ rice, the differences between their genomes are mainly found in transposons and retrotransposons as well as other insertions (such as microinverted repeat MITE). This part of the difference led to differences in genome size (existing data show that the japonica rice genome is smaller than japonica rice), as well as partial gene breaks. In addition to the above, in other regions of the chromosome, the sequence difference between the two subspecies is less than 2%, which also causes changes in a small part of the gene. Up to now, more than 3000 strains of Ds and T-DNA independent transformation strains have been obtained in China, and 220 adjacent Ds-introduced sequences have been determined, of which 60 are located at different sites on different chromosomes, laying a foundation for large-scale production of rice insertion mutations. Basics; Completion of tissue-organ-specific cDNA libraries of 10 rice (mainly japonica rice varieties) at different stages of development; preliminary completion of the sequencing, classification, and identification of >10,000 indica rice Uni-ESTs; establishment of rice cDNA arrays and microarrays (DNA (Chip) and PCR-based high-throughput gene analysis systems have acquired a large number of genes related to growth and development, hormonal effects, and environmental responses; established highly efficient gene clones and polygenes based on transformable artificial chromosomes (TACs). The transformation system was established, and the TAC physical maps of the rice male sterility restorer genes Rf3 and Rf4 and the japonica hybrid sterility gene Sc were constructed; fine mapping of several genes affecting important agronomic traits was completed, including one-spot sturgeon (st1), Brittle culms (fp1), temperature-sensitive sterilized Annon S, temperature-sensitive sterility Pei'ai 64 and semi-dwarf (sd-g), and identification of candidate BAC and TAC clones Established rice genetic database. The deciphering of the super rice genetic code will help to understand the genes involved in the genomes of other important economic crops such as wheat and corn, thus stimulating the basic and applied research of whole food crops.
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