Cultivation of grafted seedlings in open cut roses

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The Chinese rose is one of the main varieties in the production of cut flowers. It is a large variety of flowers. There are more than 8,000 species cultivated around the world. It is the most popular flower for the people of our country. It is called the “Queen of Flowers” ​​and is also the top ten in China. One of the flowers.
1. Habits and habits Cut the flowers and enjoy good drainage, clay loam with loose soil, pH value of 6-7 is appropriate; hi fertilizer, hi sunshine, adequate air circulation can avoid cold wind, dry wind environment. The optimum growth temperature of most species is 15-26°C during the day and 10-15°C in the evening. When the winter temperature is lower than 5°C, it enters dormancy and is able to tolerate a low temperature of -15°C. When the summer temperature lasts above 30°C, it enters half Dormancy, ability to heat 35 °C, relative humidity of 75% -80%.
2, cultivation techniques
2.1 Selection of Seedling Production Cut seedlings of grafted rose are mainly grafted seedlings. The seedlings with good growth potential, well-matched seedlings should be selected, and the anvil buds should be removed (downwards). For large-year seedlings, some leaves, main roots and old roots should be cut off properly. In order to reduce transpiration, promote lateral root germination, conducive to survival. If the roots show signs of dryness, roots should be soaked in water for 24 to 48 hours before colonization to make them suck enough water. Before planting, seedlings should be sprayed with 1000-1500 times chlorothalonil solution to prevent disease.
2.2 Whole planting vegetation There are many rainwaters in Jiangnan. In order to facilitate drainage, it is generally used as a sorghum plant with a height of 20-25cm and a pod width of 50cm. Each pod is planted in two rows with a plant spacing of 30-40cm. The cross between plants is conducive to air and light transmission. The time of colonization can be carried out in the spring or early in the plum rain depending on the seedling age. When planting, first adjust a pot of mud, soak the roots of the seedlings in the mud, dip it into the planting hole, keep the scions vertically (not the vertical rootstocks), and put the joints facing south to make the roots stretch and sprinkle into the fine soil. After the planting hole around the soil into the compaction, and then holding the stocks slightly raised up, and finally Zhuoshui Zhuoshui, and keep the interface is higher than the soil surface 1-2cm,
To prevent scion rooting.
General planting does not produce flowers in the year, timely removal of buds (do not make buds greater than 0.5-0.6cm), so that plants grow robust, lay the foundation for the future Shenghua.
2.3 Fertilizer Water Management
2.3.1 Deep ploughing and applying base fertilizer: First, it is carried out before planting, with a depth of 40-50cm; Second, it is carried out after pruning in winter to pre-emergence, with a depth of 20-30cm. The basal fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and the amount of basal fertilizer is preferably 3-5 cubic meters per 100 square meters of soil, and can be selected from manure, compost, ash and straw.
2.3.2 Fertilizers are to be applied at the leaf development stage, after flowering stage, and at the end of August, and it is advisable to apply topdressing fertilizer with a combination of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The amount of fertilizer depends on the size and growth of the plant. Continuous cultivation of the soil for 3 years requires the addition of trace elements. The concentration of 0.3%-0.5% is appropriate.
Seedlings remained moist within 6 weeks after colonization. In the spring, summer and autumn seasons, watering is conducted every other day. In summer, the temperature is high, and the effect of furrow irrigation is better. In winter, water is poured every 5 days. When watering with a hose, medium-pressure spray, try not to wet the leaves. Because water is often watered and the soil surface is easy to be hardened, the soil should be loosened in time, or covered with straw, wheat straw, etc. to weaken the erosion of the surface by watering.
2.4 Pruning The correct pruning determines the flowering period, the number of flowers produced per plant, and the flowering level. Cut a flower and prune it once to remove the diseased branches, degraded branches and weak branches, adjust the height of the plants, and combine the bud side buds and the weak buds.
The trimming forms include light shear, medium shear, and heavy shear. Light shear is a short cut for healthy branches, removing two or three buds that expand inwards. In the cut is to cut half of the growth of healthy branches Qi base last year. Recutting is to leave only 3-4 shoots that were born last year, 20 cm away from the ground, leaving only 3-4 shoots at the base. The cutting time is 0.5-0.8cm above the bud, oblique cutting, and the outward buds are reserved.
2.5 Diseases and Insect Pests The common diseases are black spot and powdery mildew. The main methods of prevention and control are: (1) Selection of resistant varieties. (2) In the winter, diseased branches and fallen leaves are concentrated and burned or buried deeply. (3) Avoid spraying the plants directly when watering, which can reduce the spread of germs with water droplets. (4) Regular chemical protection, spraying once in 3-5 days during the rainy season and rapid growth; when the weather is dry and hot and growing slowly, spray once every 7-10 days or more, spray 2-3 times. Commonly used agents are 50% carbendazim 500-800 times, 75% chlorothalonil 500 times, etc., before spraying in early spring Bamei 0.3-0.4 degrees lime sulfur.
Common pests are roundworms and roundworms. The former can be sprayed with 40% omethoate cream 1000-1500 times or 20% geranilide 2000-2500 times; the latter can be sprayed with 40% dicofol EC 100-500 times or other acaricide.
2.6 Timely collection of flowers relates to the quality of cut flowers. Early harvest, flower branches tend to produce bent stems; too late harvest will shorten the preservation time. The red and pink varieties of the rose are usually harvested when the first petals are loosened outwards, yellow varieties should be slightly earlier, and white varieties are harvested when the third petals are loosened outwards.
The flowers are generally taken in the early morning. After the squid is cut, it is inserted into clear water (containing 0.8% chlorothalonil) and then sorted and bundled. Stored at a low temperature of 1-4°C and kept at a relative humidity of 85%-90%. The number of bundles per bundle may be determined according to market needs or agreed by the supply and demand sides, but it should be handled according to the variety and level, and should not be mixed.

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