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Special corn key cultivation techniques
With the increasing production of grain in China and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the proportion of corn used as a staple food has been significantly reduced, while the use of various industrial raw materials has increased significantly, especially for special maize. Value and potential. The so-called special corn has special characteristics that are different from ordinary corn. It not only directly utilizes high benefits, but also can be used as a high-quality raw material for various industries to bring greater benefits. Special corn types include high amylose corn, waxy corn, high oil corn, high lysine corn, sweet corn (Putian, super sweet), popcorn, silage corn, and shoot corn. The key cultivation techniques of some high-quality special maize are introduced as follows: 1 Isolation requires different varieties to be sown at the same time, all of which require space or time isolation. Space isolation generally needs to be separated by more than 200m from other corn, so as to avoid accepting pollen from other corn and affecting quality. It is best to stagger the sowing date with other corn for more than 15 days. 2 Soil preparation Planting Soils with deep soils, moderate soil fertility, good structure, low groundwater level, and good irrigation and drainage conditions are required to be planted before winter or in early spring. The spring sowing temperature can be sown at 12°C, and sowing seeds before the broadcast can increase the seed germination rate and germination potential. Filming can be planted 10 to 20 days ahead of schedule. After sowing, the requirements for covering soil are thinner than normal corn. Seed germination rate of more than 90%, generally for each 1hm2 live seed 30kg, seedling transplanting seed 22.5kg. Sowing depth is generally 2.5 ~ 5cm is appropriate, the clay should be slightly shallow, sandy soil should be slightly deeper. Waxy corn and common hybrid corn are sown at the same depth. After sowing, light pressure will help sprout seedlings. 3 The planting density is generally about 67000 per 1hm2 for the early-maturing or early-middle-aged and compact corn varieties, and 52500 to 60,000 for medium-maturing varieties. 4 Fertilization First, base fertilizer. Generally, apply 600kg compound fertilizer or dried cake per 1hm2. Apply 15kg of zinc sulfate per 1hm2 to areas where zinc deficiency occurs. Fertilizer can not be applied in the sowing trench to prevent burning of seedlings. The second is top dressing. Each hm2 can be used twice in 375kg urea, the first time in 6 to 7 leaves, the amount of 40% of the total top dressing, the second in the 10 to 15d before tasseling, the amount of 60%, when topdressing It should be applied 10 to 15 cm away from the root of the corn. 5 Field management 4 to 5 leaves between the seedlings, 6 to 7 leaves Dingmiao, leaving seedlings uniform strong. Weeding and weeding 3 times, combined with earth mulch to prevent lodging and timely control of pests. The first is to control the corn borer every fiftieth of the time in the trumpet season with carbofuran 15 kg mixed with dry sand (earth) corn cob or with methamidophos 1000 times liquid or other highly effective low-toxicity pesticides. The second is to use omethoate emulsion and methamidophos spray to prevent aphids and other pests. It is forbidden to use pesticides with long-term virulent and long-term residues. 6 Timely harvesting of waxy corn and sweet corn is aimed at selling fresh green ears or processing. The commodity quality of fresh special corn is determined mainly by the harvesting period, the harvest is too early, the grain moisture content is large, the dry matter is few, the taste is light, the yield is low, and it is difficult to preserve. After harvesting too late, the sugar in the grain is converted into starch, the seed coat is thickened, the skin is thick and the slag is more, and the flavor and smell are lost. Therefore timely harvesting is extremely important. The year of normal accumulated temperature is usually collected from 20 to 25 days after pollination. At this time, the moisture content of the grain is about 70%, the top of the filament turns brown, and the grain is normal and full. When the milk is squeezed out of the grain, its flavor and taste are the best. After harvesting, it will be listed on the day of harvest on the same day. The best storage time is not more than 24 hours, otherwise it will affect the quality and reduce the phlegm and sweetness.
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