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Integrated prevention and control of pepper diseases and pests in pollution-free greenhouses
1. Variety selection The selection of pepper varieties with good quality, high yield, disease resistance, strong resistance, wide adaptability and good commercial quality. 2. Seed treatment 2.1 Soaking seeds in warm soup: soak in warm water of 55°C for 30 minutes, cool in cold water, drain, and sow germination. 2.2 Dry heat disinfection: The seeds were treated with a constant temperature of 70°C for 72 hours or on bamboo utensils for 3-4 days. 2.3 Impregnation (mixing) species: (1) Antiviral disease: soak in seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, or soak with 300 times formalin for 30 minutes, or soak for 20 minutes in 1% potassium permanganate solution. Rinse and germinate. 2 Epidemic disease and anthrax: soak the seed in cold water for 10-12 hours, soak it with 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, or soak with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times for 1 hour; or use 72.2. % Precig 800x solution soaked for 0.5 hours, washed and germinated. 3 Anti-soft rot, scab disease: seed dressing 0.3% of the 50% copper DT wettable powder or soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, remove and rinse sowing. 3. Sterilization of seedling bed soil 3.1 Use 30-50 milliliters of formalin per square meter, add 3 liters of water to spray the bed soil, seal the seedbed with a film for 5 days, and then sow for 15 days after uncovering the film. 3.2 Mix 5% carbendazim WP with 50% thiram WP, or 25% methine WP and 70% zeat WP by 9:1, per square The rice bed seedlings are applied with 8-10 grams of powder mixed with 15-30 kilograms of fine soil, and 1/3 of the seedbeds are sown in seedbeds, and 2/3 are covered on seeds. 4. Disinfect the greenhouses in time to remove stubborn leaves, diseased insects, and residues of crop residues. Before planting or planting, pour the soil into the soil and then use a solar energy to sterilize the soil for 7 days. Every 667 square meters of greenhouses are ignited with 2-3 kg of sulfur powder and 0.25 kg of dichlorvos mixed with sawdust, then fumigated for a whole day and night, released, and tasteless. The farm tools used should also be put into the greenhouse for disinfection. During the summer relaxation period of the greenhouse, it can be used for high temperature disinfection with flood water. 5. Pest control measures during the planting period 5.1 Insect resistance nets: The vents of greenhouses are sealed with nylon mesh to prevent pests from entering. In the hot season in summer, the greenhouses and greenhouses are covered with insect-repellent nets before the high pest occurrence period. 5.2 Silver gray plastic film to avoid smashing: 5 kg of silver gray plastic film per 667 square meters, or silver gray film strip (about 10-15 cm wide) hanging around the greenhouse, spacing of about 10 cm. 6. Pest prevention and control measures after planting Agricultural control and biological control are the first, and chemical control is supplementary. 6.1 Agricultural control: Remove severely diseased plants in time, remove diseased leaves and diseased fruits, and bring them out of the field to burn or bury them deeply. 6.2 Yellow plate trapping locusts: Use 100 cm 20 cm cardboard, painted yellow, coated with a layer of engine oil, or hang yellow tapeworm tape paper, hung in the rows or between plants, higher than the top of the plant, about 30 per 667 square meters -40 pieces, when the yellow board is full of aphids, re-coat a layer of engine oil, usually 7-10 days recoat once. 6.3 Use Trichogramma to control cabbage caterpillars, cotton bollworms, etc. 6.4 Chemical control: In the aspect of chemical control, it is strictly prohibited to use highly toxic, viral, high residue, high bio-concentration, high tertiary (teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic) pesticides, according to the pesticide use guidelines for pollution-free vegetables, choose efficient, For pesticides with low toxicity, low residue, and low lethality to natural enemies, adopt scientific methods of medicine, choose the best period of medication, reduce the number of medications, pay attention to the alternate use of medicines, and mix them rationally to prevent germs or insects from developing resistance. The dust-protection method and the smoke-curing method are preferentially adopted in the protected areas, and spray prevention and control can also be conducted in sunny weather. 6.4.1 Epidemic prevention and control: 1 At the beginning of the disease, 45% chlorothalonil aerosol can be used to close the fumigation chamber. The dose of 250-300 kg per 667 m2 can be used once a day for 7 days. The disease can be fumigated 3-4 times. This method can also be used to control anthrax. 2 Spray with 5% chlorothalonil dust, 1 kg per 667 m2, 7 days, 2-3 times in succession. This method can also be used to control anthrax. 3 At the beginning of the disease, spray with 64% antiviral WP 500 times or 58% Leidomaire MnZn WP 500 times and 70% EB Zn wettable powder 500 times. 4 In the middle and late period after the discovery of the central diseased strain, use 50% methicone wettable powder 800 times, 72.2% priloc lotion 600-800 times, and 64% antivirus WP 500 times to spray and water the roots of the diseased plants. At the same time. 6.4.2 Control of Anthrax: At the beginning of disease, 10% of high water dispersible granules 800-1500 times or 50% of mixed sulfur suspension 500 times, 80% of anthrax, Fumei WP 600-800 times, 75 % Dakkonin (chlorothalonil) WP 600 times spray, 7-10 days 1 spray 2-3 times. 6.4.3 Locust control: early control of aphids. Use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times, or 25% Aktai water dispersible granules 5000-10000 times, or 40% dimethoate EC 1000-2000 times spray. 6.4.4 Prevention of virus diseases: 20% virus A wettable powder 400 times fluid, or 1.5% phytobiotic disease (II) emulsion 1000 times fluid, once every 7-10 days, spray 3-4 times . 6.4.5 Prevention and treatment of scab disease: 72% of agricultural streptomycin-soluble powder 4000 times, 50% of copper citrate wettable powder (DT fungicide) 500 times of the initial stage, 14% of ammonia solution of copper 300 Dilution, or 77% can kill 500 times the spray of wettable particulate powder spray, interval 7-10 days 1, even spray 2-3 times. 6.4.6 Prevention and treatment of cotton bollworm: When the number of eggs per 100 eggs reaches 20-30 capsules, the drug is used. 200 times Bt emulsion, 1.000 times of 1.8% avermectin EC, and 50% phoxim EC 1 000 times are used. Or 5% Sodium Tetrachloride 2 500 times liquid spray control. 7. Avoid secondary pollution in the process of harvesting, packaging, storage and transportation. Firstly, it must be harvested after the safe period of spraying. The tools used in the harvesting process should be clean, sanitary and non-polluting.