Shitake mushroom bag planting autumn management technology

Mushrooms have a long fruiting period, lasting three seasons—autumn, winter, and spring—totaling about 10 months. They are usually inoculated between August and September, and then grown from November to December. Mushrooms harvested before December are known as autumn mushrooms. Cultivating mushrooms in bags is a common practice, and proper management during the autumn season is crucial. Here are the key techniques involved: First, indoor cultivation. It takes more than 60 days for the mycelium to mature. After inoculation, the mushroom bags should be moved into a dedicated bacterial room for culture. The bags are arranged in "wells" with 8 to 9 layers stacked. The room temperature should be kept around 25°C, and the relative humidity should stay below 70%. For the first 1 to 6 days after inoculation, the hyphae are in recovery and germination mode, so the temperature can be increased to 28–30°C. During this time, the bags must not be turned or ventilated, and the environment should remain dark. By day 7 to 10, the mycelium starts to grow actively. The temperature should be reduced to 26–28°C, and ventilation should be done 2–3 times daily. On day 7, the first turning of the pile occurs. The bags should be carefully rotated to ensure even growth conditions. When turning, handle them gently to avoid damaging the seals and causing contamination. Regular checks for signs of infection are essential. If any spots appear, a mixture of 75% alcohol (50 ml) and 25% formaldehyde (30 ml) can be injected into the affected area. If contamination is found near the inoculation site, the infected part should be removed and re-inoculated. For seal contamination, treat with 0.2% potassium permanganate or carbendazim. After 11 to 15 days, the mycelium becomes very active, expanding to 4–6 cm. The temperature should be maintained at 24°C, and ventilation should increase. A second turning is performed the next day, followed by drilling small holes with bamboo sticks to enhance oxygen flow. Four slant holes are placed around the expanded mycelium. The bag temperature should not exceed 26°C, ideally staying between 20–24°C. After 50 days, the shade on doors and windows is removed to encourage further mycelium growth. Second, color change of the bags. The timing and quality of the color change directly affect the fruiting period and yield. When the mycelium matures, it turns from white to reddish-brown, and yellow water beads may appear. This indicates the formation of primordia. During this phase, increasing humidity and improving ventilation are important. When opening the cover, create a dry-wet environment to promote color conversion. Third, outdoor placement. Mushrooms are low-temperature fungi. Once the bag turns reddish-brown, it is moved outdoors under shade, covered with straw mats, and regularly watered. At night, it is covered, and during the day, it is left uncovered for 4–5 days to encourage fruiting. Fourth, fruiting management. As temperatures gradually drop in autumn, the mycelium grows vigorously. Mushrooms are picked once daily and placed into the mushroom bed frame. Each bag is 7–10 cm long until all mushrooms are harvested. Once placed in the frame, the film is cut around the mushroom bud with a sharp knife to allow the mushroom to grow. Usually, the mushroom will not cover the film within 7–10 days. When the young mushroom reaches the size of a peanut seed, flowering can be encouraged. Fifth, flower management. 1. Humidity: Maintain relative humidity inside the bag at 80–90%, with a temperature of 12–18°C and good air circulation. If humidity is too high, dehumidify first, then remove the film for an hour before replacing it. A stove can be used to reduce excess moisture. If it's too dry, add water to a pan, cover with film, and raise the temperature to 28°C. If the film drips with moisture, open the windows and use a stove to control the humidity. 2. Temperature: Since mushrooms prefer fluctuating temperatures, creating a temperature difference between day and night can stimulate fruiting. Cover the bags during the day to let sunlight warm them up to 28°C, then uncover them in the evening to let cold air in. This creates a 10°C temperature difference over 3–4 days, encouraging a large number of mushrooms to form. 3. Wet and dry cycle: When the mushroom is budding and growing to 2–3 cm, mist the surface during sunny midday hours to accelerate fruiting body development. Then, open the film at night to let cool air in, dry the cap, and re-cover. This wet-dry cycle helps the cap split and develop into a full mushroom.

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