Shitake mushroom bag planting autumn management technology
Mushrooms have a long fruiting period that spans three seasons: autumn, winter, and spring, totaling around 10 months. Typically, they are inoculated between August and September, and then cultivated from November to December. Mushrooms grown before December are referred to as autumn mushrooms. Cultivating mushroom bags during the autumn season is critical, and several key techniques are essential for successful growth.
First, indoor cultivation of mycelium is crucial. It takes more than 60 days for the mushrooms to fully mature. After inoculation, the bags should be moved into a dedicated bacterial room for culture. The bags are arranged in "wells" with 8 to 9 layers stacked. The room temperature should be maintained at about 25°C, with humidity kept below 70%. For the first 1 to 6 days after inoculation, the hyphae are in the recovery and germination stage, so the temperature can be increased to 28–30°C. During this time, no turning or ventilation is needed, and the area should remain dark.
By day 7 to 10, the mycelium starts to grow actively. At this point, the temperature should be reduced to 26–28°C, and ventilation should be done 2–3 times daily. On day 7, the first turn of the pile should be done, ensuring that each bag is rotated to maintain uniform conditions. Handle the bags carefully to avoid damaging the seal and causing contamination. Check for any signs of infection during the process. If there are star-shaped spots, mix 50 ml of 75% alcohol with 30 ml of 25% formaldehyde and inject it into the affected area. If contamination occurs near the inoculation site, remove the infected part and re-inoculate. If the seal is damaged, apply 0.2% potassium permanganate or carbendazim to the affected area.
After 11 to 15 days, the mycelium grows vigorously, reaching 4–6 cm in size. The temperature should be kept at 24°C, and ventilation should increase for the second pile turn. One day later, use bamboo sticks to drill holes around the growing mycelium to enhance oxygen supply. Ensure the bag temperature does not exceed 26°C. After 50 days, remove the door and window shades to promote further mycelium development.
Second, the color change of the bacterial bags is important. The timing and quality of the color shift directly affect the early fruiting and yield. When the mycelium matures, it turns from white to reddish-brown and shows yellow water droplets, followed by the formation of mushroom primordia. During this phase, increase light exposure and improve ventilation. When opening the cover, create a dry-wet environment to encourage color conversion.
Third, outdoor mushroom cultivation begins when the bags turn reddish-brown. Move them to a shaded outdoor area, cover them with wheat straw mats, keep them moist, and expose them during the day while covering them at night for 4–5 days. This helps initiate the fruiting process.
Fourth, fruiting management involves careful monitoring. As temperatures gradually drop in autumn, the mycelium grows stronger. Mushrooms should be picked once a day and placed into mushroom bed frames. Each bag should be 7–10 cm long until all mushrooms are harvested. Once the bags are in the frame, cut the film around the mushroom buds with a sharp knife to support the growth. Generally, the mushrooms will not cover the film within 7–10 days. When the young mushrooms reach the size of a peanut seed, the flowering process can be encouraged.
Fifth, managing the flowering period requires attention to several factors:
1. **Humidity**: Keep the relative humidity inside the bags between 80% and 90%, and maintain a temperature of 12–18°C with good air circulation. If the humidity is too high, dehumidify first, then remove the film for an hour before replacing it. A stove can help reduce excess moisture. If it's too dry, add water to a pan and cover it with a film to raise the temperature to 28°C. If the film is dripping with moisture, open the doors and windows and use a stove to manage the humidity.
2. **Temperature**: Mushrooms thrive in fluctuating temperatures. By increasing the temperature during the day (up to 28°C) and allowing cooler air in at night, you can create a temperature difference of up to 10°C over 3–4 days. This encourages large-scale fruiting.
3. **Wet-Dry Cycle**: When the mushrooms begin to bud and grow to 2–3 cm, mist the surface on sunny afternoons to speed up fruiting body growth. Then, open the film at night to allow cold air in, drying the cap slightly, and re-cover it. This wet-dry cycle promotes cap splitting and the formation of flower-shaped mushrooms.
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