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How to raise pigs in intensive farms
In intensive pig production, piglets weaned to 60-75 days of age are usually called nursery piglets. It is another important stage of production following the management of suckling piglets. Under the same conditions, with the shortening of weaning time (21-28 days), the breeding rate of nursery piglets also decreased. The growth rate and health status of piglets in the nursery period also have a very important influence on their later development. Individuals with negative weight gain in piglets within one week after weaning are listed about 15 days later than individuals with daily gains of 100-150 grams. Problems faced by nursery piglets 1. Weaning stress intensive production mostly uses a one-time weaning method. The sows are transferred from the tillers to the breeding or the gestational homes. The piglets are fed directly or in the original lap for one week and then enter the nursery. The sudden changes in the living conditions of the piglet, such as leaving the mother, transferring herd, and transferring herd, undoubtedly cause great stress on the normal physiological activities of the piglet. 2. The stressed piglet for digestive function is supplied with nutrients from liquid breast milk and a small amount of opening material, and is converted into solid feed. Since its digestive function is not yet perfect, it can adapt to the nutrient composition of the existing feed and some of them. Special allergens are a severe test for piglets. 3. Stress due to environmental changes There are usually differences in the intensive farmhouses and the environment within the nursery. This includes: fence structure and area, feed system, water supply system, temperature, ventilation, lighting conditions, etc. The piglets lost the original environment of the farrowing house to adapt to the environment of the nursery home and establish new habits and order relationships. Poor conservation environment will make low-order pigs difficult to adapt or even unable to survive. 4. Management changes in stress Childbirth management during childbirth is different from child care management. These include: feeding and management systems, environmental condition control, population size, stocking density, grouping methods, methods of training, and necessary operations (such as immunization and treatment). Wait. Changes in human management conditions, the impact on nursery pigs can not be ignored. 5. Stresses during the disease The newly weaned piglets may cause certain diseases such as diarrhea, enteritis, edema, and pneumonia due to one or more of the above stresses. The occurrence of the disease will exacerbate the protection of the piglets. Excitement level. The immune system caused by the uncontrollable blue ear disease has caused the piglets in the delivery room to be quite normal. However, after entering the nursery, they have suffered a lot of morbidity or death. Production Techniques for Preserved Piglets 1. Weaning Measures Pig farms that use high-bed-limited pen-feeding methods often use a one-time weaning method to separate the piglets that reach the scheduled weaning age from the sows. Due to the rapid and sudden weaning, the stress on sows and piglets is greater. In production, the amount of sows and green feed and the amount of drinking water are usually reduced 3-5 days before weaning in order to reduce milk production and also reduce the incidence of sow mastitis. After weaning, the piglet can be kept in the nursery for 5-7 days after feeding. This practice can increase the productivity of sows and also allow safe transitions for piglets. It is best to adopt a gradual weaning or batch weaning method for farms using ground-level tillers. The number of breast-feedings is reduced day by day, and weaning work is generally completed within 5 days. In principle, the piglets can be fed into the nursery period in the original condition of the housing cycle. In the case of batch weaning, the individuals with strong growth are first weaned, and the individuals with weaker development are appropriately prolonged for further development. After weaning. These two methods of weaning are more beneficial to piglets. The disadvantages are that they reduce the use efficiency of sows, increase the probability of piglet transfer, and increase the workload of intensive production to some extent. 2. Measures to improve the digestive function of piglets (1) Feed requirements: High-quality starter feeds for piglets and transitional materials for weaning period are necessary conditions for improving digestive function of piglets. This includes not only the high quality of feed ingredients, such as the addition of high-quality fishmeal, whey powder, skimmed milk powder, short-chain saturated and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. It also includes the good form and palatability of the feed, such as pellets, hardness, suitable pellet feed or puffed pellet feed. (2) Training requirements: Piglet training is a consensus. Feeding enough (500 grams or more) of starter diets to suckling piglets is a good way to reduce the chances of the piglet being weaned after weaning. However, the feeding work of the piglets after 5-7 days of birth is often unsatisfactory because the lactation in the first 3-4 weeks of the sow is basically able to meet the nutritional needs of the piglets, after which the milk yield drops and the piglets have to eat. Start food. For early weaned (21-28 days) piglets, the significance of feeding is even more important. In production, the following methods can be used to achieve the purpose of early training: 1 sows less feed before farrowing, more than two days after farrowing or free access to feed, this approach can increase the weight gain of suckling piglets, accelerated weight gain of piglets Lack of milk production makes piglets eat food as early as possible. 2 Increase palatability of starter diets. Good taste is particularly important for piglets to eat. 3 Pay attention to replenishment at the same time as feeding, because replenishment is also extremely important. 4 Using the principle of conditioned reflex, adding starter diets to piglets several times in small quantities can stimulate piglets to eat early and eat more. (3) Feed restriction requirements: Feed restriction of new weaned piglets is as important as adequate training before weaning. Because the digestive function of newly weaned piglets is not yet complete, the amount of restricted feeding is much less than the chance of decrepitude at any feeding. A few days after weaning, the gastrointestinal function of the piglet has a process of re-adjustment. The sense of hunger in the weaning can enable the piglets to feed in large quantities, and the food accumulated in the intestine can lead to disorders or even disorders in secretion of the digestive system and produce diarrhea. In the production, the method of feeding restriction is: the piglets weaned on the 28th day are fed with 80-100g of feed each day for 3-5 days, and then enter the free-feeding state. However, it is necessary to ensure that each piglet has enough feed slots and area when restricting feeding. 3. Environmental management measures (1) Temperature requirements: The temperature of the nursery home environment has a great influence on the piglets. Under cold stress, the adrenal hormone secretion of piglets increased significantly, the immunity decreased, growth slowed down, and the incidence of diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia increased. There are data reported that nursery homes at 6-10 °C and 20-25 °C conditions, piglets daily weight gain and the incidence of diarrhea was 1: 1-63 and 1: 0-54. In production, when the temperature of the nursery is lower than 20°C, warming measures should be taken. When the temperature is not too low, infrared lamps and floor heating plates are usually used. When the temperature is lower than 10°C, hot air, heating, etc. are required to raise the temperature. (2) Ventilation requirements: Ventilation is a measure to solve the harmful gas content in the nursery and increase the fresh air content. High levels of contaminated gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide can increase the incidence of piglet pneumonia. However, unrestricted ventilation and ventilation are not suitable for piglets. Especially in cold seasons or cold regions, excessive ventilation can cause the temperature in the nursery to gather and decrease. In production, insulation and ventilation should adopt more flexible adjustment methods. At high temperatures, there is more ventilation, and when the temperature is low, the temperature is increased and then the air changes. (3) Dust in pig houses: The breeding houses of intensive pig farms have a large amount of dust due to the large scale of rearing, the high density of pigs, and the large amount of production operations. This causes a large amount of dust in the air, which is unfavorable to the breathing of piglets, but even more serious is the Dust can carry certain viruses or bacteria deep into the respiratory system, creating potential opportunities for certain diseases. In intensive production, dust problems are problems that are easy to ignore and easy to solve. For example, adopting pellet feed, regular cleaning, and careful operation are effective dust removal measures. (4) Cleaning the pig house: The use of a high-bay slatted nursery to clean and sanitize the fences and ground is a necessary task. However, the more non-washing the better, because unclean or cooler ground water is not good for piglets, and it is also unfavorable for indoor insulation, especially in cold areas. In production, the general principle of cleaning piggery is: cleaning and disinfecting before and after emptying the group, and increasing the number of cleanings in the summer (2-3 times/week), but avoid direct watering of the piglets, and the best cooling is needed. Use shower or spray. In high-bed (or ground) nurseries where artificial excrement is used, pigs are generally not cleaned in pigs in winter, unless the pigsty is too dirty before the temperature is highest during the day. 4. Three maintenance and management measures: After weaning, the weaned nursery piglets will be kept for 1 week in the original circle; after transferring to the nursery, the original feed will be maintained for 1-2 weeks; the original nest group and group will be maintained. Easily circle and transfer groups. Three transitions: For 2-3 weeks of nursery piglets, the feed during lactation should gradually transition to feed for weaned piglets, which can be achieved by gradually changing the nutrient content of the diet or the mixing ratio of the two feeds before and after; The feeding system should be gradually transitioned. This includes the type and form of the feed, the number of feedings, the time and feeding amount during feeding, the feeding operation method and time, and the gradual transition of the operating system, including the lighting measures in the nursery. Insulation and ventilation measures, the operating habits of the workers, etc. Density and colonization: Feeding density has important implications for the development of nursery piglets, and the density depends on the conditions for the nursery pigs' feeding slots, drinking fountains or sinks, coil area, ventilation and insulation. In principle, intensive farms require a lap for each litter, each occupying an area of ​​0-2-0-4 square millimetres. When it is not possible to meet the requirements or to consider the use of housing area and individual differences in strength, it is only necessary to carry out clustering. For the pigs to be combined, the principle of combining less with less, adjusting for weaker ones, weaker ones with weaker ones, and combining strong ones with strong ones. Carefully nurse the new group of pigs within one week until a normal place order is established.