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To seize the straw and create high-efficiency in the summer of the greenhouse
Greenhouse vegetables generally start to pull in June. At this time, the shed film is basically intact. After covering the old straw mulch in the summer shed, the humidity in the shed is stable and the light is weak. After cleaning the shed, hot mushrooms such as straw mushrooms can be produced from July to August. This can not only fertilize the soil, improve the soil, reduce the damage caused by heavy boring, but also increase the economic benefits. Straw mushroom is an edible mushroom cultivated in high temperature season and it is the fastest harvesting of all edible fungi. It takes only 10-14 days from sowing to harvest, and it is easy to grasp technology, low cost and quick result. Summer greenhouse cultivation. What should we pay attention to when we cultivate high-stable mushrooms in summer? How can we create high efficiency? First, the preparatory work to do foot mushroom is a kind of high temperature mushroom, suitable for summer cultivation. Due to the relatively simple method of cultivation of early straw mushrooms, many farmers have focused their management on the period after the straw mushroom has entered the greenhouse. But reporters do not think so, the kind of straw mushroom, the preparatory work is also very important, once the preparatory work is not done well, the whole growth period of straw mushroom will be greatly affected. First of all, do a good job disinfection mushroom shed. Clean up the litter in the shed, clean out the shed, disinfect it with 5% lime water or deep white powder, spray it on the closed shed, and disinfect with formaldehyde or potassium permanganate for 7 days. Exhaust air. For the poorly-closed mushroom shed, it was sprayed with 5% formaldehyde on the entire ground floor to disinfect it, and then it was put into the shed for a week. Second, prepare the base material. There are many cultivation materials suitable for the growth of straw mushroom, including cottonseed hull, waste cotton, wheat straw and rice straw. Among them, waste cotton is the best, cotton seed shell is the second, wheat straw and straw are slightly inferior. In recent years, the prices of waste cotton and cottonseed hull have skyrocketed, which has greatly increased the production cost of edible fungi. Vegetable growers can choose raw materials with abundant resources and low cost such as wheat stalks according to local conditions. Here take wheat straw as an example to introduce the processing method of raw materials: to use wheat straw harvested in the same year, without rain, and without deterioration. The whole bales of wheat straw are scattered on the ground and rolled with stone or wheels to make them crushed and softened. Wheat straw thrown by the combine harvester can also be directly used. The crushed wheat straw was soaked overnight with a concentration of 2% lime water. When soaking, the foot was used to force the wheat straw to soften and absorb water, and then the fish was removed for accumulation and fermentation. Remove the soaked wheat straw and stack it into pots. The pot is 1.5 meters high and 1.5 meters wide. The length is not limited. After being piled up, cover the plastic film, heat and moisture to facilitate fermentation. When the wheat straw core temperature rises to about 60°C, it is kept for 24 hours, and then it is turned and the outside wheat straw is turned into the core to make the wheat straw evenly fermented. When the temperature of the center has risen to 60°C after turning, the fermentation is terminated after 24 hours. The fermentation time is generally about 5 days. During fermentation, the time and temperature of fermentation should be controlled to prevent excessive fermentation, resulting in the proliferation of saprophytic bacteria and consumption of nutrients. After the fermentation is over, check the quality of the fermented wheat straw. The standard of fermented wheat straw is: The wheat straw has a soft texture, dewaxing on the surface, elasticity in hand, golden yellow, and smell of wheat straw. There is a small amount of white mycelium with a moisture content of about 70%. A handful of water droplets can be squeezed out by hand and the pH is around 9. Second, choose the right cultivation model There are many kinds of straw cultivation mode, commonly used for three-dimensional cultivation of shed and ditch type flat culture. Farmers can choose different cultivation methods according to different sites. 1. The shed on the ground: The general boring machine is 1.2-1.4 meters wide and 0.2 meters deep, and it is made into a turtle-shaped trampoline. On both sides, a 10-cm wide rake ditch is built, and the material is sowed. Secondly, after sowing, the third Days, insert bamboo arches 0.3-0.4 meters apart. After budding, the plastic film on the material surface will be taken out on the arch. The open-air shed should be covered with two layers of grasshoppers. During the germination period, in addition to lifting the membrane ventilation, the ditch should be filled with water, one to cool, and the second to maintain a high water holding rate in the bed base soil. When the temperature exceeds 35°C, weeds should be sprayed many times a day. On the fourth day after inoculation, no more than 7 days later, the mushroom can bud, and then the management should focus on ventilation, cooling, and moisturizing. The plastic film can be peeled off in cloudy or light rain and at night, covering only grasshoppers. There is good ventilation and sufficient scattered light, and can effectively moisturize, but should pay attention to heavy rain weather can not lift the film, sunny weather, direct sunlight, the shed temperature rises quickly, pay attention to thickening the cover and spray water at night Open about 10 cm from the shed plastic film, and fill the gutters with water so that it will strengthen the ventilation while moisturizing and cooling. 2. Ditch type plane cultivation: Level the soil in the greenhouse, dig deep 20 cm, 120 cm wide groove, irrigated with water; after sowing, the material surface is level with the ground, in order to ensure the control of temperature and humidity, above the greenhouse should be set Good shade net or old straw blinds. The greatest advantage of this method is that the ground temperature is low and the soil moisture is relatively high. It can provide suitable temperature environment and moisture conditions for the base material. Especially in terms of water management, it has a unique advantage over the previous cultivation methods, but precautions should be taken. Rain drains, otherwise, it is easy to form stagnant water, affect or damage the normal production of straw mushroom. Third, seize the mushrooming environment of the regulation of straw mushroom is a high-temperature variety, but to obtain high-yield and high-quality production results, you need to do a good job in the management of the fruiting period, especially the temperature and humidity control and lighting management. First, temperature regulation. The most suitable temperature range for straw mushroom's mushrooming period is 28-32°C; in summer, the temperature in the shed is high, and the specific cooling measures can be achieved by thickening the cover, spraying the wet grass, watering the shed, and nighttime ventilation. Measures to achieve the goal. Under suitable temperature conditions, the straw head is bigger and the parachute is too late; if it is above 33°C, the head of the straw mushroom becomes obviously smaller and the parachute is opened quickly, which greatly reduces the rate of commercial mushrooms. Second, do a good job in ventilation management. To adhere to the principle of more ventilation at night, ventilation throughout the rainy days, morning ventilation, and low ventilation or no ventilation during the high temperature period during the day, one is to maintain a relatively low temperature within the shed, and the other to maintain a relatively stable temperature within the shed. Good for good mushrooms and reduce the incidence. Again, moisture management. Moisture is both an important material condition (basic and bed-based water) and an indispensable environmental condition (air humidity). Both are indispensable. In general, the maintenance of 60%-70% of the base material containing water and higher or even near-saturated bed-based water, and about 90% of the air humidity, is an important basis to ensure high yield of straw mushroom. Production should be flexibly controlled according to local conditions at that time. In addition, lighting management. The straw mushroom needs not only light but also strong light, and it should be managed according to the characteristics of the strain. Generally speaking, you can read newspapers normally in the shed, about 400-500 lux. Specifically through the import and export, vents, open sheds around the greenhouse and other methods to implement regulation. Mushroom Farmers Experience: Tian Liuzhen Mushroom Farmer Li Fasheng: Three measures to increase production of straw mushroom In the past few years, the price of straw mushroom in summer has been very gratifying. The low yield and poor quality of straw mushroom are the key to its high yield and high efficiency. In the growth process of straw mushroom, appropriate management measures can be taken to promote the increase of straw mushroom production, improve quality, and achieve high quality and yield increase. The specific approach is as follows: 1. The straw mushroom can cover the mushroom without covering the soil, but the soil cover is more conducive to moisturizing the culture material and supply the required water for the growth of the straw mushroom, which can effectively improve the quality and yield of the straw mushroom. The straw mushroom cover soil can improve the moisturizing performance of the culture material and adaptability to the humidity change, so that the mushroom body is hypertrophied and the dead mushroom is reduced, and the increase rate is 20%-40%. The cover soil material can be used for garden soil (digging below 8-10 cm on the surface), and the thickness of earth covering is generally 2 cm. 2. Inoculation again inoculation is beneficial to increase the yield of straw mushroom. The mycelial growth rate of straw mushroom is too fast, and it is extremely easy to age, resulting in a weakened viability, and it is not possible to effectively use the nutrients in the cultivation material to continue mushrooming. After the first tidal mushroom was harvested, the grain was loosened and soaked with lime water. The pH of the culture material was adjusted to 8-9, and then the seed was spread on the material surface. After sowing, it covered a thin layer of fermented Culture material. Can also be in the first and second tidal mushroom harvest, turn the block over, turn the bottom layer of culture material to the surface layer, spray 1% of lime water to replenish water, adjust the pH, and then inoculated on the surface, the inoculum volume is 2%-3%, generally about 30%. Using straw to cultivate straw mushroom, four days after the sowing of grass, strains can be inserted into the gap between the grass layers for secondary inoculation. The inoculum size is about 20% of the first dose. In this way, when the first tidal mushroom is harvested, the second-inoculated strain can be decomposed from the haystack, accumulate nutrients and continue mushrooming. 3. Adjust the pH value in the growth process of straw mushroom, will consume a large amount of nutrients culture materials, produce metabolites, which organic acid can make the acidity of the culture material, affect the normal recovery of mushroom mycelium and continue mushrooming. After the first tidal mushroom is harvested, supplement some nutrient solution and adjust the pH of the culture material to make it alkaline, which can promote the recovery of hyphae, prolong the period of mushroom harvesting, and increase the mushroom production. There are many methods, but the following two methods can be used: First, spraying 1%-3% lime water to the culture materials can not only make up the water, but also make the culture material alkaline. The second is to spray 0.1% of urea and bran water (100 kg of water plus 10 kg of bran, filter after cooking, and take 50 kg of filtrate plus 50 kg of clear water). The amount of urea is 0.1%-0.2%, the amount can not be too much, otherwise it is easy to produce bacteria. You can also spray edible fungi-specific nutrients such as Mushroom Earl High Energy, Mushroom Mushroom, Mushroom Bolero, Mushroom Mighty, Mushroom Power Source, etc., and use them according to the instructions. It is very convenient.