Matang and Hemostatic Matang
The scientific name for this plant is *Digitaria sanguinalis* (L.) Scop., commonly known as Hemostasis D. ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. It is an annual grassy weed, also referred to as root grass or chicken grass. This species is widely distributed across the country and is considered a major weed in dry-season crops, orchards, and nurseries.
The plant has a weak, leaning stem that can easily root at the lower nodes. The stems are smooth and hairless, typically growing between 40 to 100 cm in height. The leaves are lance-shaped, with sparse hairs on both surfaces or sometimes completely glabrous. The leaf sheaths are shorter than the internodes, often featuring a distinct sulcus. The ligule is a blunt, membranous structure.
The inflorescence consists of 3 to 10 racemes arranged like fingers, with the base submerged. Spikelets are usually axillary, with one stalked and another nearly sessile. The first lemma is smaller than the second, and its margins are ciliate. The first palea is equal in length to the spikelet, with 5 to 7 veins, unevenly spaced and glabrous. The second lemma covers the inner keel. The caryopsis is oval and transparent, and the plant reproduces through seeds.
Compared to crabgrass, *D. sanguinalis* can be distinguished by its racemes, which are typically 3 to 4 in number and 2 to 8 cm long, with 2 to 3 spikelets per section. The first palea has 5 veins, with soft, rod-shaped hairs along the margins and between the veins. When mature, the second lemma turns dark brown.
Ecologically, this plant germinates best at temperatures between 25 to 40°C, with the optimal relative humidity ranging from 63% to 92%. Seeds should be planted at a depth of 1 to 5 cm. It thrives in moist, well-lit conditions, especially in fertile soils, and grows vigorously during late April to late June. Seed production occurs between August and October, with mature seeds exhibiting dormancy.
This species is commonly found along riverbanks, wetlands, and other moist areas. It is one of the most significant weeds in spring and early summer, often appearing in large numbers in cultivated and natural habitats alike.
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