Over the past few years, overwintering has become a hotspot for some farmers. Using the characteristics of wintering cabbage and temperature differences between regions, certain cultivation techniques can be used to market it before and after the Spring Festival. Overwintering cabbage has high requirements for cultivation technology, it is not easy to master, it is easy to fail, and the losses are heavy. Our company has the best foreign cabbage varieties, but it must adopt scientific cultivation management technology to get better results. In order to let farmers better grasp the cultivation techniques of winter cabbage, we have summarized a few points for reference only.

I. Characteristics of wintering cabbage varieties

1. It is a cabbage variety with medium maturity and middle to late maturity of 60-80 days.

2. Thick leaves, high dry matter and sugar content.

3, the leaf ball is compact, strong crack resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance.

4. The spherical shape is determined by regional requirements. Generally, the south needs to be oblate or high oblate, while the north needs to be spherical. The single ball weighs about 1-2kg.

5. The plant has strong resistance to stress, a certain degree of heat tolerance in the early stage, a certain degree of cold tolerance in the middle and late stages of growth, and strong anti-pumping ability.

6. Cabbage generally can tolerate a short-term low temperature of minus 8 ° C, and below 10 ° C, it is necessary to add a certain coverage. In areas where the temperature is lower, cabbage is not allowed to overwinter. Areas above minus 5 ° C can overwinter except in special years.

Second, the relationship between sowing period and growing period.

Winter kale * What matters is the sowing date. Sooner or later due to the sowing date, the wintering of cabbage is successful. Plants planted prematurely grow too large, and the resistance of the already mature plants gradually decreases, which is not conducive to overwintering; plants that are planted too late are in a hemisphere state, and * easy to be culled through vernalization, leading to planting failure. Therefore, the determination of the sowing period is based on the length of the growing season and the local autumn climate and the arrival of early frost.

3. The relationship between the temperature in the north and the south and the sowing date.

In China, the temperature varies greatly due to different geographical latitudes. In the Yangtze River Basin and its south, the frost-free period is long and the temperature in winter is slightly higher. The planting period is from the end of July to August 20, and the night cannot exceed August 20; while the frost-free period in the north of the Yangtze River is slightly shorter, and the temperature is more northward. The lower the planting date should be appropriately advanced. For areas north of the Yangtze River, the seeding period in Henan, Shandong, etc. in the south of North China should be from early July to the end of July. The sowing period of winter cabbage is not only strict, but also the floating time is very short, usually about 10-15 days.

Fourth, the matters needing attention in winter cabbage cultivation management:

(1) Strictly controlling the sowing period, we should master the principle of preferring to be early but not later. In the Yangtze River Basin and the south of the Yangtze River, from late July to August 20, the * late cannot exceed August 25; in the Yellow River Basin north of the Yangtze River, the planting period should be from early July to the end of July, and * late cannot exceed August 5th.

(Two), seedling management

Overwintering cabbage seedlings are in the high temperature season for the purpose of cultivating strong seedlings.

1. Select dry, ventilated, cool and well-drained plots.

2. Construct shade sheds (shading nets) and rainproof equipment.

3. High seedlings are used for seedling cultivation. Seedlings are divided when the two leaves are centered, and the seedlings are 10 cm square.

(3) Management after planting

1. Planting at 30-35 days of seedling age. As the autumn temperature gradually decreases, the earlier the planting, the easier it will be to manage.

2. Before selecting the planting site, select a plot of cruciferous crops, and fully apply high-quality organic fertilizer 5000kg / mu and 50kg of general compound fertilizer.

3. Watering and fertilizing after planting are generally carried out in the afternoon or evening.

4. The principle of water and fertilizer management is to promote, and the focus of fertilization is in the early stage of the lotus seed. In the early stage, N fertilizer was the main factor; in the middle and late stages of the ball, P and K were the main factors to improve the cold resistance of the plant.

5. Frozen water before the cold current arrives, so as to facilitate safe wintering.

V. Winter cabbage growth status and standards before winter:

The external characteristics of wintering cabbage plants before winter: strong growth potential and thick leaves. The diameter of the leaf ball in the middle and late stages of the encapsulation is more than 20 cm, and the compactness of the ball is 60% -70%. The plant has a higher dry matter and sugar content, a thicker root, and has the conditions for overwintering.

Management and precautions after the spring:

Overwintering cabbage can be fertilized according to pre-winter fertility conditions. If the fertilizer is inadequate, after the temperature rises, a small amount of urea 10kg / mu can be chased, and the water is irrigated; if the fertility is better, only watering is not applied, and the management principle is based on control.

Seven, winter cabbage collection standards:

After a long winter, the overwintering cabbage has basically grown, and can be listed as appropriate according to market conditions. Master the top buds to start to germinate, but before the start of pumping, and the morning market, generally from mid-February to mid-March, no later. Otherwise, the quality will be reduced due to pumping, which will affect economic income.

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