Non-polluted rice production technology in mountain areas
1. Establishing an ideal base base It is appropriate to choose a single-crop mountain area with mountainous area of ​​200-500m above sea level, with convenient transportation, superior natural conditions, suitable production environment, beautiful scenery, fresh air, fertile soil, abundant water resources, and undisturbed ecological environment. Terraces are required to be connected and concentrated. 2. Choose the best varieties to choose suitable for planting in the region, with excellent agronomic traits, strong resistance to pests and diseases, and high quality rice varieties, such as Liangyoupeijiu, D You 527, etc., and pay attention to the reasonable mix and update of varieties. 3. Scientific and managerial management of pollution-free rice production in the scientific and fertilizer-prone mountainous areas 3.1 Rational farming system The green manure or economic crops are allocated to the front of the rice, such as the green manure and rapeseed in the winter, and the combination of land use and land management is adopted to reasonably regulate and protect the rice. Existing resources, continuously improve the soil fertility, improve the ecological environment and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. 3.2 Balanced fertilization techniques The total amount of fertilizer applied (especially the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer) must be controlled in the soil, groundwater nitrate content below 40mg/L. In accordance with the balanced fertilization technology, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application of pure nitrogen 150--165kg/ha, the implementation of NPK combined use. The proportion of total N is distributed: base fertilizer accounts for 50%, topdressing accounts for 40%, and preserved fertilizer accounts for 10%. The amount of general compost fertilizer: The decomposed bar fertilizer is 22,500-300,000 kg/ha (or 15,000 kg/ha of fresh green manure), ammonium bicarbonate 225--300 kg/ha, calcium superphosphate 300 kg/ha, potassium chloride 150 kg / Ha. Urea 112.5--150.0kg/ha was applied as topdressing after 5-7 days of transplanting; 50% of the main stem and 25% of urea and 75kg/ha of urea were used as the preserved fertilizer after jointing. 3.3 The scientific water slurry management adopts semi-arid thin-seeding seedling cultivation, and the cultivation is carried out in the range of 30--35d, irrigation and transplanting, inch water returning green, shallow water promoting flooding, lightly controlling seedlings after delivery, booting stage. Keep the fields dry and keep the water thin or moist to maturity. 4. Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Pests 4.1 Agricultural control is practiced in contiguous scale. Seed sowing, transplanting, harvesting and pest control at a unified time. Transplanting with a narrow row of wide lines increases air and light transmission. Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, enhance plant resistance to pests and diseases. 4.2 Physical Prevention and Control of Spring Irrigation: It can kill some pests and reduce the population of insects. Use the frequency-vibrancy insecticidal lamp: Each lamp controls 3.33--4.00 hectares of farmland, trapping pests before mating and spawning, reducing the number of medications. 4.3 Chemical control 4.3.1 Seed treatment Apply ZSA, ZSB biological seed coating treatment, or use "402" soaking seed disinfection, can prevent Bakanae disease, thin strip disease and other species of transmission diseases. In the endemic areas of black-streaked dwarf disease, imidacloprid may be used to prepare seed, to control loquat and prevent dwarfing, and to prevent pests such as rice and thrips. 4.3.2 Chemical Weeding For weedy fields, we should use glyphosate or Roundup to eliminate the old grass 7 days before tillage, and sow the soil with 100mL of spray and prevent grass after sowing. Honda can combine weeding with 5-hydroxyurea 450g/hectare mixed with urea after 5-7 days of transplanting. 4.3.3 Pest control in Putian in the three leaf stage of seedlings, and 3 days before the extravasation with neomycin and 10 million units plus 300 g/ha to prevent barrage and white blight, and to treat both migratory locust and rice thrips. Lizards and rice stalks also have control effects. 4.3.4 Daejeon pest control The long-term growth period of single-cropping rice in the mountainous region is relatively complex. It is best to establish pest monitoring and reporting points in the base, to grasp the occurrence of diseases and pests in a timely manner, and to seize the drug during the key period, so as to truly reduce the number of medications. At the same time, it can control the damage of pests. 4.3.4.1 Disease control Rhizoctonia solani should be controlled within 7 days after the rice line is sealed. The condition of field disease in the rear should be treated twice or three times for other pests. Bacterial leaf blight should be promptly controlled after a typhoon or storm. The dosage is 20% of the bronchial suspension of 1.5L/ha. It is necessary to seize the two critical periods of “breaking†and “early ears†to prevent rice stem stalks and rice smut disease. To control sheath blight and rice smut disease, use 5% Jinggangmycin 2.25mL/ha to control 20% tricyclazole 1.5kg/ha for rice blast. Thin strips should be suitable for the initial application of pesticides in Daejeon. When the disease spreads quickly or the weather is favorable, the disease should be sprayed for 2 to 3 times in a row and sprayed at intervals of 5 to 7 days. 4.3.4.2 Insect pest control From the end of May to the beginning of June, prevent and treat two generations of rice stem borers from the end of June to mid-July, control four (2) generations of rice leaf roller and second generation rice borer, Three generations of ash-grasshoppers and white-backed planthoppers; from the end of July to the middle of August, five (3) generations of rice leaf roller and third-generation stem borer were controlled; from the end of August to the beginning of September, attention was paid to control brown rice borer. In the hatching period of eggs, 5% Frigid 450-600 mL/ha was used to prevent and control pupa, rice planthopper and rice leaf roller. Twenty percent of aphid pests can be used to control 1.2 L/ha or triazophos 1.5 L/ha, and rice leaf roller can also be treated with 40% chlorpyrifos 900 mL/ha. 5. The banned pesticide base shall strictly follow the local Zhejiang Provincial Standards DB33/296.1-2000 and DB33/296.2-2000 for production. During the production process, high-effective and low-toxic residual pesticides shall be used to control pests. Pesticides shall be applied alternately, and attention shall be paid to the number of applications. Safety interval. The use of methamidophos, isocarbophos, rice bran extract, isothiazolone, carbofuran, herbicidal ether, pyrethroids, omethoate, 1605 and other highly toxic, high-residue pesticides is prohibited.