Gerbera cut flower cultivation techniques
Cultivation of gerbera cut flowers in cultivation areas requires cultivation in greenhouses (winter greenhouses). In winter or south China, winter can be exposed in winter at 7-8°C, but it is vulnerable to high temperature in summer. If cold temperatures are encountered, a layer of film can be added to the grasshopper to make the minimum temperature in the shelter not lower than 16°C. From March to April of the following year, with the increase of natural temperature, timely ventilation, so that the maximum temperature within the shed does not exceed 30 °C. Cultivation Management 1. Land preparation. The root system of gerbera is well-developed, and at least 25 cm deep soil layer is needed for the bed planting. The soil should be loose and fertile, rich in organic matter, and slightly acidic. The basal fertilizer should be applied before planting, deep plowing and sterilizing, and mixing with disinfectant. In particular, land that has been planted with gerbera before should be soil-sterilized. Commonly used 0.5% formalin, or 50% carbendazim powder, or 65% zein zinc powder mixed with the soil and cover the film for 3 to 5 days, peel off the film until the drug taste volatile before planting. In conventional cultivation, it is made of sorghum or broad ridges, with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters, a ridge height of 25 centimeters, a ridge width of 40 centimeters, and a smooth and loose bed. 2. Colonization. The planting density was set at 3 rows per plant, intertwined with the middle row and side row, and planted with 30-35 cm. If it is ridged, double row staggered colonization is adopted, with a spacing of 25 cm. In addition to the hot summer season, the rest can be planted. The planting of gerbera should be based on the principle of shallow planting, because the roots of gerbera have the characteristic of shrinking old roots, and they have the ability to pull down the plants during the growth process. Therefore, when planting, it is required that the root neck be exposed to the surface of the soil 1 to 1.5 cm, compact the roots by hand, and do not be afraid that the first watering phenomenon occurs, if there is lodging, you can invert 3 to 4 Tianzheng will grow normally in the future. If it is planted deep, the plant sinks with the growth, the growth point is buried in the soil, and the buds do not grow on the ground, affecting flowering. The flowering ability of gerbera is the strongest in the second year after the new planting and the quality is also good. After a gradual decline, it is best to update the seedlings after 3 years of cultivation. 3 fertilizer and water management. In the growth period, water should be fully supplied. In winter, water should be kept low. When watering, it is necessary to pay attention to the accumulation of water in the leaves and try to supply water from the sides as much as possible to keep the heart of the plants dry. Gerbera cut flowers are best drip-irrigated. Gerbera is a hi fat flower, requiring a large amount of fertilizer, with a ratio of N:P:K of 2:1. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the application of potash fertilizer. Fertilizer should be applied once per week in the growing season, and fertilization should be reduced when the temperature is low. The gerbera prefers plenty of sunlight, but it also avoids bright light in summer. Therefore, there must be sufficient sunlight in the winter in the cultivation process. In the summer, appropriate shade should be taken and ventilation and cooling should be strengthened. 4. Sparse leaves. When the leaves are too prosperous, the flowering branches will be reduced, and the pedicels will be shorter. Therefore, it is necessary to strip the leaves properly, first remove the diseased leaves, and peel off the leaves, and the branches should be evenly peeled, leaving 3 to 4 functional leaves per branch. When excessive leaves grow densely, the leaflets should be removed to expose the buds. At the early stage of seedling growth, early flower buds should be removed. During flowering, too many buds should be removed. Generally cannot allow three buds to develop at the same time, sparse 1 to 2 to ensure the quality of flowers. Generally every single plant has 15 to 20 healthy leaves at full flowering stage, and it can produce 5 to 6 flowers per month. 5. Harvest preservation. During the appropriate period of gerbera harvest, the peduncles were straight, the outer petals were flattened, and the tubular flowers at the periphery of the central flower center had 2 to 3 rounds of opening and the stamens showed pollen. Harvesting usually takes place in the early morning and early evening when the plants are upright, the stems are erect, the water content is high, and the preservation time is long. The gerbera harvester does not need a knife to cut the base of the flower stem by hand. Cut the lower incision by 1 to 2 cm before grading and packing, and dip into the water to suck enough water and fresh liquid. For long-distance transportation, special packing boxes are used. Each strain is inserted into a single hole and fixed with tape. It is stored at 2 to 4°C and moisturized. 6. Prevent pests and diseases. Gerbera is susceptible to stalk rot, which makes the stem base rot, especially in the case of small seedling colonization too late, flood irrigation, low temperature and humidity. During the cultivation, attention should be paid to the temperature in the shed, reduce air humidity, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, and enhance the disease resistance of plants. At the time of onset, spray 70% thiophanate WP 800 times once a week for 3 times. Gerbera is vulnerable to whiteflies and should be controlled in a timely manner. It can be sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times solution, or 10% baicalein 1000-1500 times solution, or 20% off Kill Ding EC 3d00 ~ 4000 times liquid, once every 10 days, even spray 3 times.